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    Alterations of Hematological Variations in Rats Exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (50Hz)
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2009) Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yokus, Beran; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Sert, Cemil; Mete, Nuriye
    Background and Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of in vivo exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on whole blood parameters (hematological parameters) in rats. Methods. Forty eight female Wistar rats, obtained from the Medical Science Application and Research Center, Dicle University, Turkey in 2004 were divided into four separate groups: two exposed groups (0.97 mT, 50 and 100 days, 3 h/day) and two controls (sham). Results. Eosinophil, hemoglobin and MPV levels significantly decreased in rats that were exposed to EMF for 50 days. When the data for rats exposed for 50 days and 100 days were compared, it was found that MPV levels in rats exposed for 100 days were significantly lower. There was no significant difference in total leukocyte, neutrofil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts, or in erythrocyte, Hct, MCH, MCHC, RDW, PLT and PDW levels between the exposed and sham-exposed groups. ELF-EMF exposure had no effect on body weight. Also, liver weight did not show any significant difference between groups. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the applied ELF-EMF exposure may induce slight but statistically significant alterations in some hematological parameters of rats, within the physiological range. (C) 2009 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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    Assessment of Serum Mineral and Certain Biochemical Variables in Self-Sucking Dairy Cows
    (Medwell Online, 2008) Bademkiran, Servet; Yokus, Beran; Icen, Hasan; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Kurt, Dogan
    Self-sucking, that is, a cow sucking on her own teats is an important and leading cause of economic loss. However, the causes of self-sucking are virtually unknown, although numerous possible influencing factors, such as feeding management, nutrient deficits, genetic factors and housing systems have been suggested. In this study, our main objective was to investigate the possible effects of mineral levels on self-sucking in dairy cows. Biochemical variables of blood serum were also investigated. Cows which self-sucked had significantly lower serum concentrations of Mn, Co, Zn, P, Na, Cl, K and total protein, compared with the control group. Levels of serum cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C and ALP activity were significantly increased in the self-sucking group. There were no significant differences in serum levels of Ca, Mg, Cu, Fe, saturated Fe, iron binding capacity, urea, creatinin, uric acid, total bilirubin, amylase, gamaglutmyl transaminase, lactate dehidrogenase, creatin kinase, creatine kinase-MB, alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase activities between the self-sucking group and the control group. The findings provide novel information about whether macro and micro element deficiency may cause self-sucking in dairy cows. An evaluation of our results supports the hypothesis that energy deficiency is a possible cause of self-sucking. Although the explanation is not clear, it may be related to decreased Co, Mn and P levels, which are important in carbohydrate and energy metabolism.
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    Do 100-and 500-?T ELF magnetic fields alter beta-amyloid protein, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde in rat brains?
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yokus, Beran; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
    Several studies still state that presently accepted safety standards for extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) do not provide adequate protection, and therefore the standards are still open to question. To help resolve this question, the aim of this study was to illuminate the interaction between biomolecules and ELF-MFs by investigating the effect of ELF-MFs on beta-amyloid protein (BAP), protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat brain. For this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, which were divided into two experimental groups and a sham exposed group. Rats in two experimental groups were exposed to 100- and 500-mu T ELF-MFs (50 Hz) for 2 h/day for 10 months, which are the generally accepted safety standards for public and occupational exposures. The same procedures were applied to the rats in the sham group, but with the generator turned off. The results of this study showed that neither ELF-MFs used in this study altered BAP level significantly (p > 0.05). However, PC and MDA levels were increased by the exposure to 100- and 500-mu T ELF-MFs (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, both PC and MDA levels were altered by long-term exposure to either 100 or 500 mu T ELF-MF. However, many further and more comprehensive studies will be required to elucidate the interaction mechanisms between ELF-MFs exposure and living organisms.
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    Effect of 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation on Beta Amyloid Protein, Protein Carbonyl, and Malondialdehyde in the Brain
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yokus, Beran
    Recently, many studies have been carried out in relation to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (RF) emitted from a mobile phone on the brain. However, there is little data concerning possible mechanisms between long-term exposure of RF radiation and biomolecules in brain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the rat brain. The study was carried out on 17 Wistar Albino adult male rats. The rat heads in a carousel were exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from a generator, simulating mobile phones. For the study group (n: 10), rats were exposed to the radiation 2 h per day (7 days a week) for 10 months. For the sham group (n: 7), rats were placed into the carousel and the same procedure was applied except that the generator was turned off. In this study, rats were euthanized after 10 months of exposure and their brains were removed. Beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde levels were found to be higher in the brain of rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation. However, only the increase of protein carbonyl in the brain of rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). In conclusion, 900 MHz radiation emitted from mobile/cellular phones can be an agent to alter some biomolecules such as protein. However, further studies are necessary.
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    Effects of Lycopene and Vitamine E Administration Over Gastric Mucosal Damage Induced by Aflatoxin B1
    (Medwell Online, 2009) Kurt, Dogan; Saruhan, Berna Guney; Yokus, Beran; Cakir, Dilek Ulker
    In the present study, we aimed to determine, the changes induced by Aflatoxin B-1 (AFB(1)) administration on rat gastric mucosal barrier and gastric mucins alongside revealing the protective effects of lycopene and Vit E. Thirty-five Wistar-Albino male rats weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 7 groups as to include 5 rats in each group: control, lycopene (10 mg/kg/day lycopene for 15 days (Lycopene 10% FS), AFB(1) (single dose of 2.5 mg AFB(1) kg(-1) on the 12th day of the study), Lycopene + AFB(1) (10 mg lycopene/kg/day for 15 days and single dose of 2.5 mg AFB(1) kg(-1) on the 12th day of the study) and Vitamin E + AFB(1) (10 mg/kg/day Vitamin E for 15 days and single dose 2.5 mg AFB(1) kg(-1) on 12th day). Following the sacrifice of study subjects on the 15th day, gastric mucus and phospholipid levels were determined and their stomachs were examined histopathologically. Examination of mucus and phospholipid levels revealed a significant reduction in group 3-5, in which AFB(1) has been applied (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.001). When lycopene and vitamine E groups are compared with the AFB(1) group, a significant elevation was detected in mucus and phospholipid levels (respectively, p<0.001, p<0.001). Whereas, histopathological examination of gastric mucosas of the aflatoxin group showed degenerative changes, gastric mucosas of the control group and the remaining study groups were normal. Histochemically, while neutral mucins were predominant in general structure of stomach, mixed and sialomucins were observed, as well. Particularly acid mucins with suplhate and periodate reactive acid mucins were found to be more predominant in the aflatoxin group compared to control and other groups. Histochemical features of mucins were observed to be consistent with specific functions of the different regions of stomach. Lycopene and vitamine E administrations were found to be protective against the damage induced by aflatoxin on gastric mucosa.
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    Extremely low frequency magnetic fields cause oxidative DNA damage in rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2008) Yokus, Beran; Akdag, M. Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Kizil, Murat
    Purpose: To detect the genotoxic effects of extremely low frequency (ELF) -magnetic fields (MF) on oxidative DNA base modifications [8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua) and 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde)] in rat leucocytes, measured following exposure to ELF-MF. Materials and methods: After exposure to ELF-MF (50Hz, 100 and 500 mu T, for 2 hours/day during 10 months), DNA was extracted, and measurement of DNA lesions was achieved by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Results: Levels of FapyAde, FapyGua and 8OHdG in DNA were increased by both 100 mu T and 500 mu T ELF-MF as compared to a cage-control and a sham group; however, statistical significance was observed only in the group exposed to 100 mu T. Conclusion: This is the first study to report that ELF-MF exposure generates oxidatively induced DNA base modifications which are mutagenic in mammalian cells, such as FapyGua, FapyAde and 8-OH-Gua, invivo. This may explain previous studies showing DNA damage and genomic instability. These findings support the hypothesis that chronic exposure to 50-Hz MF may be potentially genotoxic. However, the intensity of ELF-MF has an important influence on the extent of DNA damage.
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    Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Dairy Cattle and its Association with Dystocia
    (Medwell Online, 2008) Bademkiran, Servet; Yokus, Beran; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Durak, Mehmer Hanifi; Kurt, Dogan
    The aim of this study was to investigate possible changes in the serum paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity at the prepartum and postpartum stages in Holstein cows and to examine the relation between PON1 activity and dystocia. The 2nd objective of this study was to describe prepartum and postpartum serum concentrations of other relevant blood parameters and their associations with dystocia risk. Initially, 200 Holstein and 65 Holstein x Black home crosbreed cows, aged 3-8 year, were selected for this study. Samples were taken both in the 7th month of pregnancy and within the first 15 min postpartum. At the end of pregnancy, the cows were divided into two groups according to the type of birth: Difficult labour and normal labour. PON1 activities measured in the prepartum samples were significantly higher than in postpartum samples from cows which had normal or difficult labour. Although, PON1 activity from cows with dystocia was lower both pre-and postpartum, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Furthermore, there was a tendency to decreased PON1 activities in the case of absolute birth weight and twins. Evaluation of cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, albumin, globulin and alkaline phosphatase levels does not appear to be useful in the assessment of dystocia. However, increased serum creatine kinase and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB may be a parameter which could be used in diagnosing dytocia in pregnancy.