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    The evaluation of nephropathy risk factors in type 2 diabetes
    (Acta Medica Mediterranea, 2014) Celepkolu T.; Tanriverdi M.H.; Celik S.B.; Bucaktepe P.G.E.; Can H.; Aslan I.; Kibrisli E.
    Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes has been increasing at an alarming rate worldwide. Thus, the complications of diabetes are increasingly prevalent and each year three million people die as a result of its chronic complications. In our study, we aimed to compare nephropathic and non nephropathic patients according to socio-demographic features, biochemical parameters, and proteinuria characteristics. Methods: Data of 923 type 2 diabetic patients, who were admitted to our Department between January 2000 and December 2008, were analysed retrospectively. The records of 378 patients were included in the study and classified as normoalbuminuric, microalbuminuric and macroalbuminuric. These groups were compared in terms of demographic, clinical and laboratory findings to investigate the risk factors related to nephropathy. Results: Of the 378 patients, 224 were female (59%) and 154 were male (41%). The mean age was 58.9±9.7 years. A total of 100 patients (26.5%) with micro and macroalbuminuria were identified as nephropathic. In the nephropathic group, the levels of FBG (Fasting Blood Glucose), PBG (Postprandial Blood Glucose), HbA1c (Hemoglobin A1c=glycosylated hemoglobin), urea, and creatinine, and the duration of known diabetes were significantly increased when compared with the non-nephropathic group. Diastolic blood pressure and urea levels were significantly higher and creatinine clearance was significantly lower in the macroalbuminuric group. Conclusion: We found a significant relationship between nephropathy and HbA1c, an important indicator of blood glucose control. Therefore, it is essential to provide aggressive blood pressure management and long-term glycaemic control in order to reduce cardiovascular risk, prevent the development of diabetic nephropathy and ESRF (End Stage Renal Failure), and reduce overall mortality and morbidity. Education of diabetic patients about the risks and complications of elevated blood pressure and poor glycaemic control is a critical component of clinical practice.
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    The Evaluation of Streptococcus Mutans Colonization in Private School NurseryKindergarten Children's Toothbrush#
    (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2022) Toptancı I.R.; Toptancı B.Ç.; Celepkolu T.; Bucaktepe P.G.E.
    Aim: Disinfection of the toothbrush is an essential parameter for oral hygiene. As a result, especially children cannot clean their toothbrushes sufficiently after brushing their teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accumulation level of Streptococcus mutans colonization at private school nursery-kindergarten children's toothbrushes and evaluate the effectiveness of chlorhexidine solution in four weeks for disinfection. Methods: This study was approved by the local ethics committee. Two hundred thirty-four private school nursery-kindergarten children were selected for this study, who's aged between 24-72 months. These selected children for this study did not have any dental, antibiotic, antimycotic treatment in the last three months. Before the study, a survey was conducted about parents' education, employment, the income. A pediatric dentist made an oral examination of these children, dental caries, fillings, and missing teeth were determined. Children were divided into two groups; toothbrushes, toothpaste, and practical solutions distilled water and %0.12 chlorhexidine gluconate solution was given in a bottle for four weeks. In addition, the toothbrushes of children were collected every week. After incubation, Streptococcus mutans colonization was evaluated under stereomicroscope. All the collected data were statistically evaluated. Results: The DMF-T scores were statistically significant when evaluated with parents' education and income, but there was no statistical relationship between parents' employment and DMF-T scores. Streptococcus mutans colony reduction at the Chlorhexidine group was statistically significant. Conclusion: From the first brushing, toothbrushes can be contaminated with bacteria. If the toothbrushes are not clean sufficiently, the bacteria taken from the oral environment have a chance to form a colony on the toothbrushes with the effect of moisture. In addition, Streptococcus Mutans is a bacteria that can stay on toothbrushes and cause re-infection. This study shows that toothbrush disinfection is essential to prevent bacteria from re-infection and contamination of oral flora. © 2022. All Rights Reserved.