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Öğe Analysis of sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of smear and colposcopy in diagnosis of premalignant and malignant cervical lesions(Int Scientific Literature, Inc, 2015) Barut, Mert Ulaş; Kale, Ahmet; Kuyumcuoğlu, Umur; Bozkurt, Murat; Ağaçayak, Elif; Özekinci, Server; Gül, TalipBackground: This study aimed to examine the positive and negative predictive value in the diagnosis of premalignant and malignant lesions of cervical colposcopy, the sensitivity and specificity of smear, and to evaluate the correlation with histopathology of abnormal cytology and colposcopy. Material/Methods: The criteria for inclusion of patients with unhealthy cervix in the study were: Erosion, Chronic cervicitis, and Healed lacerations, Hypertrophied cervix, bleeding on touch, suspicious growth/ulcer/polyp on the cervix, and abnormal discharges from the cervix. Women with frank carcinoma cervix, pregnant females, patients with bleeding per vaginum at the time of examination, and those who had used vaginal medications, vaginal contraceptives or douches in the last 48 h of examination were excluded from the study. Demographic analysis was performed for 450 patients who were admitted to the clinic. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of patients to identify cervical pathologies of smear and colposcopy were histopathologically calculated. The statistical software package SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) and Spearman's and Chi-Square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: Sensitivity, specificity, PPD and NDP of smear were 0.57%, 0.76%, 0.26%, 0.92% respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, PPD and NDP of colposcopy were 0.92%, 0.67%, 0.52%, 0.96% respectively. A statistically significant correlation was found between abnormal cytology and histopathology, and abnormal colposcopy finding and histopathology. Conclusions: Women with clinical diagnosis of unhealthy cervix should be evaluated by cytology to detect any premalignant or malignant lesions. It was concluded that Pap smear, colposcopy and histopathology should be collectively evaluated to evaluate cervical findings in low socio-economic regions.Öğe Evaluation of sexual function in women with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism using the female sexual function index (FSFI) and the beck depression inventory (BDI)(International Scientific Information, Inc., 2018) Barut, Mert Ulaş; Çoksüer, Hakan; Sak, Sibel; Bozkurt, Murat; Ağaçayak, Elif; Hamurcu, UğurBACKGROUND: Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), or secondary hypogonadism, results from reduced secretion of gonadotropins, including follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), by the pituitary gland, resulting in lack of production of sex steroids. The aim of this study was to evaluate self-reported sexual function in sexually active women with and without HH using two evaluation methods, the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study recruited 88 women who attended an outpatient in vitro fertilization (IVF) clinic in Turkey for primary infertility, between August 2013 and August 2016. All patients were sexually active with an age that ranged from 20–41 years. Following an initial examination, including measurement of FSH and LH levels, all study participants were asked to complete the FSFI and BDI self-reporting questionnaires. Patients were divided into Group 1 (with HH) (N=42) and Group 2 (the control group) (N=46). RESULTS: Analysis of the patient responses to questions regarding their sexual function in the FSFI and BDI showed that of the 42 patients in Group 1 (the HH group), 27 patients (64.28%) reported sexual dysfunction; of the 46 patients in Group 2 (the control group) 14 patients (30.34%) reported sexual dysfunction. Analysis of the FSFI lubrication scores and orgasm scores showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups (both, p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Women with HH require both physical and psychological support to improve their sexual function, self-esteem, mental health, and quality of life.Öğe There is a positive correlation between socioeconomic status and ovarian reserve in women of reproductive age(International Scientific Literature Inc., 2016) Barut, Mert Ulaş; Ağaçayak, Elif; Bozkurt, Murat; Aksu, Tarık; Gül, TalipBackground: The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential association between socioeconomic status and ovarian reserve, anti-Mullerian hormone level, antral follicle count, and follicle stimulating hormone level in women of reproductive age. Material/Methods: A total of 101 married women between 20-35 years of age who presented to the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Health Research System In Vitro Fertilization (HRS IVF) Center between October 2014 and November 2015 and met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The participants were divided into three socioeconomic groups using Kuppuswamy’s socioeconomic status scale. Thirty-one participants were assigned to the low socioeconomic status group, 37 to the middle socioeconomic status group, and 33 to the high socioeconomic status group. On days 3-6 of the menstrual cycle, 10 mL of blood was collected from the participants for follicle stimulating hormone and anti-Mullerian hormone measurements. Transvaginal ultrasonography was performed for both ovaries for the purpose of counting antral follicles measuring 2-10 mm in diameter. Results: Both ovarian reserve parameters, namely anti-Mullerian hormone level and antral follicle count, exhibited a significant association with socioeconomic status (p=0.000 and p=0.000, respectively). The association between follicle stimulating hormone level and socioeconomic status was also significant (p=0.000). Conclusions: A low socioeconomic status aggravated by sources of stress such as undernutrition and financial hardships affects ovarian reserve, which should be remembered in approaching infertile patients.Öğe Thrombophilia and Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: The Enigma Continues(Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2018) Barut, Mert Ula; Bozkurt, Murat; Kahraman, Mehmet; Yildirim, Engin; Imirzatioglu, Necat; Kubar, Ayhan; Sak, SibelBackground: Thrombophilic gene polymorphism is known to be a risk factor for recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL), but few studies have confirmed a possible role of thrombophilic genes polymorphism in RPL risk. This study was conducted to understand the relationship of the mutations of some thrombophilia-associated gene polymorphism (heterozygous/homozygous) with RPL. We compared patients with 2 abortions to patients with 3 or more abortions among Turkish women. Material/Methods: In this study, patients previously diagnosed with habitual abortus at Obstetrics and Gynecology outpatient clinics in Turkey between 2012 and 2016 were included. In their peripheral blood, we detected factor V Leiden H1299R, prothrombin G20210A, MTHFR C677T, MTHFR A1298C, PAI-1 4G/5G, and PAI-1 4G/4G gene mutations. Results: In this study, we have observed statistically meaningful data (P<0.01) related to the relationship between RPL and thrombophilia-associated gene polymorphisms such as heterozygous factor V Leiden H1299R, heterozygous prothrombin G20210A, PAI-1 4G/5G, and PAI-1 4G/4G. Conclusions: We found that diagnosis of thrombophilic genes polymorphism is useful to determine the causes of RPL, recognizing that this multifactorial disease can also be influenced by various acquired factors, including reproduction-associated risk factors and prolonged immobilization.
