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    Are levels of coping with stress in pregnancy with gestational diabetes worse than in healthy pregnancy?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2019) Surucu, Hamdiye Arda; Besen, Dilek Buyukkaya; Duman, Mesude; Erbil, Elif Yeter; Ay, Ishak
    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze the levels of coping with stress in healthy pregnant women in comparison with the levels of coping with stress in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).Materials and methods: In the study, the descriptive cross-sectional research design was used. The study was carried out with 218 pregnant women in total.Results: It was found that the healthy pregnant women had a higher total score for coping with stress and used the self-confident coping style, one of the effective coping styles, more frequently when compared to the pregnant women with GDM (p<.001). In addition, the pregnant women with GDM used the desperate coping style, one of the ineffective coping styles, more frequently than the healthy pregnant women (p<.001).Conclusions: Diabetes education that nurses give should allow not only the nurses to evaluate the coping levels of pregnant women with GDM, but also to teach these pregnant women how to use effective coping styles.
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    Empowerment and Social Support as Predictors of Self-Care Behaviors and Glycemic Control in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Surucu, Hamdiye Arda; Besen, Dilek Buyukkaya; Erbil, Elif Yeter
    This study investigated empowerment, social support, and diabetes-related characteristics as predictors of self-care behaviors and glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes in Turkey. Descriptive cross-sectional and relational research designs were used in this study. The study was carried out with a cohort of 220 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Linear regression analysis revealed that patient empowerment was a statistically significant predictor of diet ( = .30; p < .001), exercise ( = .19; p = .003), blood glucose monitoring ( = .27; p < .001), foot care ( = .27; p < .001), and A1c ( = -.19; p = .004). Social support was a statistically significant predictor of diet ( = .24; p < .001), exercise ( = .26; p < .001), blood glucose monitoring ( = .16; p = .011), and foot care ( = .19; p = .003). These results indicate that social support and empowerment are important for nurses to consider when planning interventions that increase the self-care behavior of individuals with type 2 diabetes and for improving glycemic control.
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    Predictors of Empowerment in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Surucu, Hamdiye Arda; Besen, Dilek Buyukkaya
    Introduction: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease that has reached pandemic proportions. In Turkey, the frequency of diabetes in individuals aged 20 years or older has been reported to be 13.7% compared with the worldwide prevalence of 8.5%. Empowerment has been correlated with improvement in diabetic self-management capabilities and glycemic control. The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of empowerment in individuals with type 2 diabetes from Turkey. Method: This was a secondary analysis with a cross-sectional correlation design using stepwise linear regression to evaluate previously collected data from 220 type 2 diabetic individuals in Turkey from January through July 2014. Demographic and Disease-Related Information Form, Diabetes Empowerment Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used to collect the research data. Results: Being educated about diabetes (beta = .22, p < .001), high school (beta = .16, p = .007), university ( beta = .12, p =.046), age (beta = -.18, p = .003), social support (beta = .15, p =.027), employment status (beta = .13, p = .045), and A1C (beta = -.12, p = .046) were statistically significant predictors of empowerment of type 2 diabetic individuals, and these variables explained 30% of the common variance. Discussion: It is important for nurses to assess sources of social support and integrate the results of this assessment to ensure the empowerment of the patient during diabetes education. For the empowerment of diabetic individuals, attempts should be made to increase the diabetes literacy levels of diabetic individuals who have low level of education and who are in the older age group, and patients who can get employed could be directed to work life.