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Öğe Assesment of Water Pollution in the Tigris River in Diyarbakir, Turkey(Iwa Publishing, 2010) Varol, Memet; Gokot, Blent; Bekleyen, AyselDiyarbakir is the biggest city and the largest urban settlement in the Tigris Basin in Turkey. It has been gradually developing and growing thanks to the Southeastern Anatolia Project (GAP), and is one of the most important centers of industry, agriculture and animal husbandry in the Tigris Basin. The Tigris River is an important water source for the city, and it serves for irrigation, fishing, recreation and receiving wastewater. With the development of industry, agriculture and the growth of urban population, its pollution has become a serious problem. Pollution from domestic, industrial and agricultural activities has led to deterioration of water quality. In this context, the aim of the present study is to identify point sources of pollution and to assess the surface water quality of the Tigris River in the study area by monitoring physicochemical parameters. Diyarbakir produced a negative impact on the Tigris River water quality, particularly after the WWTP discharge. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand, organic nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus increased markedly downstream of Diyarbakir WWTP discharge point. During the summer, the extent of organic pollution was so serious in the stations, downstream of WWTP, that dissolved oxygen became almost absent from the river water. The metal concentrations of all water samples were mostly below or close to the maximum permitted concentration for protection of aquatic life and drinking water.Öğe Çernek Gölünün (Samsun) zooplankton faunası(2008) Bekleyen, Aysel; Taş, BeyhanÇernek Gölü, bir Ramsar alanı olarak tanımlanan Kızılırmak deltasının en önemli göllerinden biridir. 1996 yılı boyunca aylık olarak toplanan zooplanktonda Cladocera'dan 10, Copepoda' dan 3 ve Rotifera' dan 18 tane olmak üzere toplam 31 tür tespit edilmiştir. Tespit edilen türlerden; Diaphanosoma lacustris, Daphnia longispina, Moina micrura, Pleuroxus aduncus, Alona rectangula, Leydigia leydigi, Acanthocyclops robustus ve tüm Rotifera türleri Çernek Gölü için ilk kayıttır. Saptanan türler, daha önceki çalışmalarla karşılaştırılmış ve gölün, zooplankton tür çeşitliliğinde ötrifikasyona bağlı önemli kayıplar verdiği ortaya çıkmıştır.Öğe Cladocera and Copepoda fauna (Crustacea) of Devegecidi Dam Lake (Diyarbakir)(Ege Univ, Fac Fisheries, 2006) Bekleyen, AyselIn this, study, Cladocera and Copepoda (Crustacea) fauna of Devegecidi dam lake has been taxonomically investigated between April 1995 and December 1996 with the purpose of contributing to the zooplankton fauna of south-east Anatolia. Lake is at a distance of 20 km north-west of Diyarbakir city center and its surface area and maximum depth are 11 km(2) and 30 m, respectively. As a result, 12 species of cladocerans and 5 species of copepods, a total of 17 species, have been identified in the lake. All of these, except copepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi (Rylov, 1923), are the first records for Devegecidi dam lake.Öğe Composition and Abundance of Zooplankton in a Natural Aquarium, Lake Balikligol (Sanliurfa, Turkey) and New Records(Medwell Online, 2010) Bekleyen, Aysel; Ipek, ErdoganBalikligol Lake also known as the holy Halil-ur Rahman Lake is an important tourism centre in Turkey. Since its waters and fish are considered to be holy, the shallow lake has a dense fish population and can be considered a unique natural aquarium. In this natural aquarium, seasonal changes in the zooplankton community structure were evaluated in terms of species composition and abundance for the first time and a total of 34 taxa were identified, 29 of them belonging to Rotifera, 3 Cladocera and 2 Copepoda. Two of these rotifers Lecane thienemanni (Hauer, 1938) and Notommata glyfura Wulfert, 1 935 are new records for Turkey. In addition, L. thienemanni is new for Western Asia. The species richness was high in summer. Total abundance ranged from 941-23.312 ind. m(-3), exhibiting a major peak in early spring and a minor one in early autumn. In terms of density, Rotifera dominated with 63%, followed by Copepoda with 33% and Cladocera with 4%. Predation pressure from fish, high temperatures and low oxygen values had significant impacts on zooplankton composition and abundance, especially for the crustacean community.Öğe Devegeçidi baraj gölü'nün (Diyarbakır) Cladocera ve Copepoda (Crustacea) faunası(2006) Bekleyen, AyselGüneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesi zooplankton faunasına katkı amacıyla Nisan 1995 ile Aralık 1996 yılları arasında yapılan bu çalışmada, Devegeçidi baraj gölünün Cladocera ve Copepoda (Crustacea) faunası taksonomik açıdan incelenmiştir. Diyarbakır’ın 20 km kuzeybatısında yeralan gölün maksimum derinliği 30 m, yüzey alanı ise 11 km2’dir. Gölde; Cladocera’ dan 12 ve Copepoda’dan 5 tür olmak üzere toplam 17 tür tespit edilmiştir. Kopepod Sinodiaptomus sarsi (Rylov, 1923) hariç bu türlerin tamamı Devegeçidi baraj gölü için ilk kayıttır.Öğe Devegeçidi ve Göksu Barajlarında dağılış gösteren zooplankton grupları üzerinde sistematik ve ekolojik çalışmalar(2018) Bekleyen, Aysel; Bilgin, Fikret HakkıBu çalışmada, Devegeçidi ve Göksu Barajlarında dağılış gösteren Cladocera, Copepoda ve Rotifera faunası tespit edilmiştir. Kalitatif incelemelerden; Cladocera' ya ait 16, Copepoda' ya ait 5 ve Rotifera' ya ait 38 tür olmak üzere toplam 59 tür saptanmıştır. Türlerin sistematikteki yerleri, teşhis anahtarları ve çizimleri verilmiştir. Tespit edilen türlerden Ceriodaphnia megops, Brachionus caudatus, Lecane (Monostyla) scutata, L. (M.) stenroosi, Monommata arndü, Trichocerca pusula, Testudinella truncata, Testudinella mucronata Türkiye zooplankton faunası için yeni kayıttır. Baraj göllerinde zooplankton gruplarının, populasyon yoğunluğu ve tür kompozisyonunun mevsimsel değişimleri de tespit edilmiştir. Fiziko-kimyasal parametrelere ve biyolojik yapıya göre, barajlarda özellikle yaz aylarında ötrifikasyonun yaşandığı görülmüştür. Göllerde tespit edilen Anuraeopsis coelata, Pompholyx complanata, Polyarihra türleri, Trichocerca cylinarica, Tr. pusula, Filinia longiseta, Keratella cochlearis ve Brachionus türleri ötrifikasyonun indikatör türleridir. Sonuç olarak, Devegeçidi Barajının tür kompozisyonu ve yoğunluğunun Göksu Barajından daha fazla olduğu saptanmıştır.Öğe Dicle nehri ile Kralkızı, Dicle ve Batman baraj göllerinin fiziko-kimyasal özellikleri, fito ve zooplanktonu üzerine bir araştırma(2009) Varol, Memet; Gökot, Bülent; Şen, Bülent; Bekleyen, Aysel[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Dicle Üniversitesi Kampüsü Kabaklı Göleti'nin zooplanktonları (metazoa) üzerinde sistematik ve ekolojik çalışmalar(2018) Bekleyen, Aysel; Bilgin, Fikret HakkıBu çalışmanın amacı, Dicle üniversitesi kampus alanında bulunan Kabaklı göleti zooplanktonunun saptanmasıdır. Kabaklı göleti, Kadıköy deresi ile bağlantılıdır. Gölet, 425. OOO m3 yüzey alanına sahiptir ve maximum derinliği 5-6 m dir. Zooplanktan örnekleri, 1992 yılında 4 istasyondan aylık periyotlarla toplanmıştır, "örnekleri toplamada, 55 mikron göz açıklığında plankton kepçesi kullanılmıştır. Kepçe, horizontal alarak çekilmiştir. Türler, 7. 4' lük formolde saklanmıştır. Kalitatif incelemelerden; 7 Cladocera. 2 Copepoda ve 4' ü genus düzeyinde tespit edilen 27 Rotifera türü saptanmıştır. Kabaklı göletinde bulunan zooplanktonik organizmaların mevsimsel dağılımları, yüzde olarak tablo ve grafiklerle verilmiştir.Öğe Dissolved heavy metals in the Tigris River (Turkey): spatial and temporal variations(Springer Heidelberg, 2013) Varol, Memet; Gokot, Bulent; Bekleyen, AyselMultivariate statistical techniques, such as analysis of variance, cluster analysis (CA), correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and factor analysis (FA), were applied to determine the spatial and temporal variations of dissolved heavy metals in the Tigris River at 7 different sites spread over the river stretch of about 500 km during the period of February 2008 to January 2009. The results indicated that Fe, Cr, and Ni were the most abundant elements in the river water, whereas Cd and As were the less abundant. Cu, Fe, Ni, and Zn showed significant spatial variations, reflecting the influence of anthropogenic activities. The lowest total concentration of heavy metals was found at site 2 downstream of the Dicle Dam due to clean water from the dam. The concentrations of most metals were found lower when compared with results of previous studies due to reduction of the activity of the copper mine plant and the construction of two dams on the river. The lowest total concentrations were determined in February due to high precipitation and snow melts. Hierarchical agglomerative CA classified all the sampling sites into three main groups of spatial similarities. Clusters 1 (Maden and Bismil), 2 (Cizre), and 3 (Egil, DiyarbakA +/- r, Batman, and Hasankeyf) corresponded to moderate polluted and relatively low polluted regions, respectively. PCA/FA, CA, and correlation analysis suggest that Cu, Ni, and Zn are controlled by anthropogenic sources.Öğe First Record of the Genus Phyllodiaptomus Kiefer (Copepoda, Calanoida, Diaptomidae) from Turkey(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2017) Bekleyen, Aysel; Gokot, Bulent; Varol, MemetThe genus Phyllodiaptomus Kiefer, 1936 is reported from Turkey for the first time. Phyllodiaptomus sp. collected from the Batman Dam Reservoir in Southeastern Turkey was observed only between May and November 2008. The female and male specimens are illustrated in detail. Phyllodiaptomus sp. is closely related to P. blanci (Guerne & Richard) and P. irakiensis Khalaf, from which it differs in several characteristics that are discussed. The present new record extends the known distribution of the genus Phyllodiaptomus to Turkey being a natural bridge between Europe and Asia.Öğe First Record of the Order Choanoflagellida in Turkey(Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2011) Varol, Memet; Bekleyen, Aysel; Sen, Bulent; Gokot, BulentWe report the first record of the order Choanoflagellida in the waters of Turkey. The choanoflagellate Salpingoeca amphoridium James-Clark was found in plankton net samples in November and December 2008, and January 2009 from the Batman Dam Lake, the Batman Stream and Hasankeyf sampling site of the Tigris River. Salpingoeca amphoridium was found attached to planktonic diatom Aulacoseria granulata (Ehrenberg) Simonsen.Öğe Geochemistry of the Tigris River basin, Turkey: Spatial and seasonal variations of major ion compositions and their controlling factors(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2013) Varol, Memet; Gokot, Bulent; Bekleyen, Aysel; Sen, BulentA total of 204 water samples were collected from 17 sites in four different water bodies in the Tigris River basin during the period from February 2008 to January 2009. Major ions (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3-, SO42-, Cl-, NO3- and SiO2), water temperature, pH, EC and TDS were determined, and consequently analysis of variance, correlation analysis, cluster analysis, factor analysis and principal component analysis were performed to explore their spatial and seasonal variations, quantify the geochemical and anthropogenic processes and identify factors influencing the ionic concentrations. The results indicated that waters in the Tigris River basin are mildly alkaline with high concentrations of Ca2+ and HCO3-, which in total account for approximately 78% of the total ionic budgets. All parameters studied in the Tigris River showed significant spatial variations, while EC, TDS, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and HCO3- had significant spatial variations in the dam reservoirs. In the Tigris River, EC, TDS, SiO2, Ca2+ and Mg2+ displayed higher values in months of the dry season, while higher values for pH, NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, Na+, K+ and HCO3- in months of the wet season. In the dam reservoirs, all parameters studied except pH showed higher values in months of the wet season. The major ion chemistry of Tigris River basin is mainly controlled by rock weathering with HCO3- and Ca2+ dominating the major ion composition because of the abundance of carbonate rocks in the basin. A comparison with WHO standards for drinking water indicates that the basin has high-water quality. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd and INQUA. All rights reserved.Öğe Hydrochemistry, water quality and health risk assessment of streams in Bismil plain, an important agricultural area in southeast Türkiye(Elsevier Ltd., 2023) Çankaya, Şihap; Varol, Memet; Bekleyen, AyselIn this study, the water quality of Ambar, Kuruçay, Pamuk and Salat streams, which are the important tributaries of the Tigris River in the Bismil Plain (Diyarbakır, Türkiye) was assessed using 19 physicochemical parameters. Except for a few exceptions, all parameters in the water samples taken from the streams were below the drinking water limit values. Kuruçay Stream had significantly higher TOC, Na+, NO3−, NO2−, Cl− and SO42− levels and lower DO levels than other streams (p < 0.05) due to sewage water discharges, animal manure storage areas near the stream and irrigation return flows. In all streams, Ca–HCO3 was dominant water type. Gibbs diagram indicated that rock weathering is the major factor controlling the hydrochemistry of the streams. According to the results of water quality index (WQI), all sampling stations of Ambar, Pamuk and Salat streams and K1 station of Kuruçay Stream had “good” quality water for drinking purposes, while K2 station of Kuruçay Stream had “poor” quality water. Irrigation indices (permeability index, sodium percentage, magnesium hazard, residual sodium carbonate, Kelley's ratio, sodium adsorption ratio and potential salinity) revealed that all water samples taken from the streams were suitable for irrigation. The water samples from Ambar, Pamuk and Salat streams were in the C2S1 (medium salinity and low alkalinity) category, while the samples from Kuruçay Stream were in the C2S1 and C3S1 (high salinity and low alkalinity) categories. Both hazard quotient and hazard index values of NO3–N, NO2–N and F− for children and adults were found below 1, indicating that adverse health effects are not expected from exposure to these contaminants via water ingestion and dermal contact. The findings of this study showed that the water quality status of Kuruçay Stream is worse as it receives large amounts of irrigation return flows compared to other streams.Öğe A new record of the freshwater jellyfish Craspeducusta sowerbii Lankester, 1880 (Hydrozoa) in Southeastern Anatolia (Turkey)(Science Press, 2011) Bekleyen, Aysel; Varol, Memet; Gokot, BulentWe report the first record of the invasive freshwater jellyfish Craspedacusta sowerbii Lankester in Kralkizi Dam Lake, Southeastern Anatolia, Turkey. The medusa was found only in August, 2008 when average surface water temperatures were 26.9 degrees C.Öğe Spatial and temporal distribution of aquatic insects in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin, Turkey, with new records(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2017) Cetinkaya, Fatma; Bekleyen, AyselWe investigated insects of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin in terms of their composition and spatiotemporal distribution. Larvae, pupae, pupal exuviae, and nymphs of insects were obtained from samples collected by a plankton net monthly during a 1-year period in 2008 and 2009 at seven different sites of the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin. A total of 35 taxa from the orders Trichoptera (1 taxon), Ephemeroptera (3 taxa), and Diptera (31 taxa) were identified. Chironomidae (Diptera) was the most diverse group and was represented by three major subfamilies, namely Tanypodinae (2 taxa), Orthocladiinae (19 taxa), and Chironominae (7 taxa). Among these species, Nanocladius (Nanocladius) spiniplenus Saether, 1977 is a new record for Turkey as well as for western Asia. In addition, the Psychomyia larvae found for the first time in the Dicle (Tigris) River Basin (Turkey) were described. Both taxa have been illustrated to warrant validation. Taxa number varied spatially from 6 to 14 and temporally from 2 to 12 during the sampling period. Along the river, Cricotopus bicinctus and Orthocladius (S.) holsatus were the most common taxa.Öğe Spatial and temporal variations in surface water quality of the dam reservoirs in the Tigris River basin, Turkey(Elsevier, 2012) Varol, Memet; Gokot, Bulent; Bekleyen, Aysel; Sen, BulentMultivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and discriminant analysis (DA), were applied to evaluate the temporal/spatial variations of water quality data sets for Kralkizi, Dicle and Batman dam reservoirs in the Tigris River basin, obtained during 1 year (2008-2009) of monitoring. This study highlights the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for the evaluation and interpretation of complex water quality data sets, apportionment of pollution sources/factors and the design of a monitoring network for the effective management of water resources. Hierarchical CA grouped 12 months into two clusters (wet and dry seasons) and classified ten monitoring sites into four clusters based on similarities in the water quality characteristics. PCA/FA identified five factors in the data structure that explained 80% of the total variance of the data set. The PCA/FA grouped the selected parameters according to common features to help evaluate the influence of each group on the overall variation in water quality. Discriminant analysis showed better results for data reduction and pattern recognition during both spatial and temporal analysis. Temporal DA revealed nine parameters (water temperature, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, nitrate nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, chloride and calcium), affording 100% correct assignations. Spatial DA revealed eight parameters (water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, electrical conductivity, nitrate nitrogen, orthophosphate phosphorus, sodium and total suspended solids), affording 92.5% correct assignations. Therefore, DA allowed a reduction in the dimensionality of the large data set and indicated a few significant parameters responsible for large variations in water quality that could reduce the number of sampling parameters. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe A study on algae in Devegeçidi Dam Lake(2004) Bekleyen, Aysel; Erkaya, İlkay Açıkgöz; Baykal, Tülay; Yıldız, KazımDevegeçidi Baraj Gölü'nde 1995 - 1996 yıllarında yapılan araştırmalar sonucu Cyanophyta (29), Euglenophyta (5), Chlorophyta (45), Pyrrhophyta (5), Bacillarjophyta (28), .bölümlerine ait toplam 112 takson teşhis edilmiştir. Cyanophyta grubu alglerinden Microcystis aeruginosa Kütz. fitoplanktonda yaygın ve dominant, Aphanizomenon floss - aquae (L.) Ralfs, Aulacoseira granulata (Ehr.) Simonsen ise ikinci derecede en böl ve yaygın organizmalardır. Pediastrum- dublex Meyen, P. simplex var. duodenarium (Bailey) Rabenhorst, Ceratium hirundineila (O.F.Muell.) Duj. türleri yaygın ve arasıra bol olarak gözlenmişlerdir. Devegeçidi Baraj Gölü, morfometrik yapı, suyun fiziksel ve kimyasal özellikleri, algal kompozisyonu ve bazı türlerin belirli aylardaki çoğalmaları ile mezotrofik karakterlidir. Sıcaklığa ve fosfor girdisine bağlı olarak .ötrofikasyonun arttığı gözlenmiştir.Öğe A taxonomical study on the Rotifera fauna of Devegeçidi Dam Lake (Diyarbakır-Turkey)(2001) Bekleyen, AyselIn this study, Rotifera fauna of Devegeçidi dam lake was taxonomically investigated between April 1995 and December 1996. Thirty-four species belonging to the phylum Rotifera were identified, all of which were new for this lake. Three species (Brachionus caudatus, Lecane (M.) scutata and Testudinella truncata) were new records for Turkish inland waters.Öğe A taxonomical study on the zooplankton of Göksu Dam Lake (Diyarbakır)(2003) Bekleyen, AyselGöksu Baraj Gölü' nün Zooplankton faunası, Nisan 1995-Aralık 1996 tarihleri arasında taksonomik açıdan incelenmiıtir. Gölde; Cladocera' dan 16, Copepoda' dan 3 ve Rotifera' dan 28 tür olmak üzere toplam 47 tür tespit edilmiş olup bu türlerden Monommata arndti (Rotifera), Türkiye içsuları için yeni kayıttır.Öğe Zooplankton fauna of Cernek lake (Samsun)(Foundation Environmental Protection & Research-Fepr, 2008) Bekleyen, Aysel; Tas, BeyhanCernek lake is one of the most important lakes of Kizilirmak delta that also recognized as a Ramsar Site. During 1996, in zooplakton collected monthly, 10 cladocerans, 3 copepods and 18 rotifers, totally 31 species, have been identified. Of identified species, Diaphanosoma lacustris, Daphnia longispina, Moina micrura, Pleuroxus aduncus, Alona rectangula, Leydigia leydigi, Acanthocyclops robustus and all Rotifera species are first records for Cernek lake. Determined species have been compared with previously studies. It is obvious that lake has given important losses in zooplankton diversity by depending on eutrophication.
