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    Protective Effect of Folic Acid on Deltamethrin-induced Brain Toxicity during the Pregnancy Period in Rats
    (Colegio Farmaceuticos Provincia De Buenos Aires, 2024) Behram, Mustafa; Zaman, Fuat; Oglak, Sueleyman Cemil; Deveci, Engin
    This study aimed to investigate the ameliorative effects of folic acid on deltamethrin-induced brain toxicity during the pregnancy period by histopathological, immunohistochemical, and biochemical methods in rats. A total of 32 female Wistar rats were used in the study. The animals were divided into 4 groups as follows: Control (n=8), Deltamethrin (DTM) (n=8) (0.5 mL of 5 mg/kg BW), Folic acid (n=8) (50 mu g/kg/day), Folic acid+ Deltamethrin (n=8) groups. After the animals mating, the first day of pregnancy was determined by vaginal smears. DTM and folic acid were administered orally between 6-21 days. At the end of the 21st day of pregnancy, brain tissues were excised and malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) levels were determined from the homogenized tissue pieces. The remaining tissue pieces were fixed in neutral formaldehyde for histopathological observations. TNF-alpha staining was used for immunohistochemical analysis. TUNEL assay analysis was used to examine the DNA fracture of apoptotic cells. Brain MDA levels were increased in the DTM group compared to the control group (p < 0.01). Folic acid was found to cause a decrease in lipid peroxidation. GSH and CAT levels decreased compared to DTM in the control group (p < 0.05). TNF-alpha expression in small accumulations of microglia cells with macrophage characteristics was observed in the DTM group. Cells with negative TUNEL reaction were detected in many areas in the DTM and folic acid -treated group while the apoptotic index was significantly increased in the DTM group. Increased inflammation, induced oxidative stress, and increased apoptotic index in pup rats due to maternal DTM toxicity caused neuronal and glial cell damage. Folic acid is thought to play an important role in preventing cell damage due to its free radical scavenging activity and anti-apoptotic effect on inflammation reduction.