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    Adsorption of acid dyes in aqueous solutions by shells of bittim (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks)
    (Elsevier, 2006) Aydin, Haluk; Baysal, Gulay
    The effectiveness of adsorption for dye removal from wastewaters has made it an ideal alternative to other expensive treatment options. The removal of acid red 183 (AR) and acid green 25 (AG) onto shells of bittim (Pistacia khinjuk Stocks) (BTS) from aqueous solutions was investigated using parameters such as contact time, pH, temperature, adsorbent doses, and initial dye concentration. Adsorption isotherms of dyes onto BTS were determined and correlated with common isotherm equations such as the Langmuir and Freundlich models. Adsorption equilibrium was reached within 30 min. It was found that the Langmuir isotherm appears to fit the isotherm data better than the Freundlich isotherm. Parameters of the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms were determined using adsorption data. The maximum adsorption capacities for AR and AG onto BTS at 308, 313, and 318 K were found to be 33, 28, and 20; 16, 18, and 7 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of AR and AG could be described by the pseudo-second-order reaction model. The data obtained from adsorption isotherms at different temperatures were used to calculate several thermo-dynamic quantities such as the Gibbs energy (Delta G(0)), enthalpy (Delta H-0), and entropy (Delta S-0) of adsorption. The adsorption process was found to be spontaneous, endothermic and physical in nature. Locally available adsorbent BTS was found to have a low cost and was promising for the removal of AR and AG from aqueous solutions.
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    Comparison dielectric and thermal properties of polyurethane/organoclay nanocomposites
    (Elsevier, 2013) Baysal, Gulay; Aydin, Haluk; Koytepe, Suleyman; Seckin, Turgay
    Polyurethane composites were obtained with different organoclay contents. The organoclay Na+-montmorillonite was dispersed in the PU matrix by mixing method from solution. Na+-montmorillonite was modified with dodecyl ammonium sulphate and 1-methyl-3-octyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The nanocomposites obtained by using different modifier were compared in terms of dielectric and thermal properties. The dispersion state of the organoclay particles and its effect on the thermogravimetric and dielectric properties of the composites was investigated. The characterization of PU/organoocl ay composites was carried out by means of scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray diffraction. The dielectric properties of the PU/organoclay nanocomposites were studied in detail. The obtained PU/organoclay intercalated nanocomposites exhibited better thermal stability and improved lower dielectric constants than the pure PU. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Comparison of Analysis Results and Modification of Na+-Montmorillonite with Ionic Liquids
    (Asian Journal Of Chemistry, 2014) Baysal, Gulay; Aydin, Haluk
    In this study, preliminary data are reported on the modification of sodium montmorillonite modified with imidazolium and pyridinium-based ionic liquids. Commercially available unmodified clay was treated under different conditions with aqueous solutions of three ionic liquids such as 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl 4-methyl pyridinium tetrafluoroborate and 1-methyl 3-octyl imidazolium tetrafluoroborate and the results were compared with ammonium dodecyl sulphate. The modified materials were characterized by FTIR, TGA, SEM and WXRD analysis. The analysis results show an overall increase in interlamellar spacing as a result of sodium cation exchange with the cations of the ionic liquids and long chain quaternary ammonium salt. The thermal stabilities of the organoclays is higher than unmodified clay.
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    Improvement of Synthesis and Dielectric Properties of Polyurethane/Mt-QASs+ (Novel Synthesis)
    (Springer, 2016) Baysal, Gulay; Aydin, Haluk; Hosgoren, Halil; Uzan, Serhat; Karaer, Hatice
    Polyurethane-based nanocomposites were prepared and their dielectric properties were characterized. Polyurethane (PU) composites were prepared with different organoclay content (1, 3, 5, and 10 wt% for all cases). The composites included quaternary ammonium salts such as 1-methyl-di-octyl-1 phenyl ammonium iodide (QAS-1), 1-methyl-di-nonyl-1 phenyl ammonium iodide (QAS-2), and 1-methyl-di-dodecyl-1 phenyl ammonium iodide (QAS-3) which were newly synthesized for modification of Na+-montmorillonite. Addition of aluminum silicate enhanced the dielectric properties at a constant concentration. Dielectric constants of nanocomposites compounded with 3 %- and 5 %-organoclay were close in value. The characterization of PU/organoclay composites was carried out using Fourier transform infrared and X-ray diffraction.
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    Investigation of Antimicrobial Properties of QASs+ (Novel Synthesis)
    (Maik Nauka/Interperiodica/Springer, 2018) Baysal, Gulay; Aydin, Haluk; Uzan, Serhat; Hosgoren, Halil
    Quaternary ammonium salts (QASs) are bioactive materials known for their antimicrobial effects. However, it is difficult to provide desirable quaternary ammonium salts. Thus, firstly new quarternary ammonium salts which are not in the literature were synthesized and organoclays were prepared with different quarternary ammonium salts content. The organoclays included quaternary ammonium salts such as N,N-di (3-methyl butyl)-N-(1-phenylethyl)-N-methyl ammonium Iodide (QAS-1), N,N-dipentil-N-(1-phenylethyl)-N-methyl ammonium Iodide (QAS-2), and N,N-dihexcyl-N-(1-phenylethyl)-N-methyl ammonium Iodide (QAS-3) which were newly synthesized for modification of Na+-montmorillonite (Na+-Mt) and were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR). Synthesized organoclays were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Characterization results proved that the modification is performed with high performance and as seen in the XRD results, the interstratum distances increased considerably and the diffraction angles decreased. The antimicrobial activity of the organoclays against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were studied in detail and were obtained much larger inhibition zones than similar studies. QAS-3-Mt organoclay showed the maximum of antimicrobial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. As is known, organoclay comes among the fillers that play the most effective role in the synthesis of composite materials. In this context, the product we have synthesized is unique and can be used for many purposes.