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    Combustion, performance and emissions of a diesel power generator fueled with biodiesel-kerosene and biodiesel-kerosene-diesel blends
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Bayindir, Hasan; Isik, Mehmet Zerrakki; Argunhan, Zeki; Yucel, Halit Lutfu; Aydin, Huseyin
    High percentages of biodiesel blends or neat biodiesel cannot be used in diesel engines due to high density and viscosity, and poor atomization properties that lead to some engine operational problems. Biodiesel was produced from canola oil by transesterification process. Test fuels were prepared by blending 80% of the biodiesel with 20% of kerosene (B80&K20) and 80% of the biodiesel with 10% of kerosene and 10% diesel fuel (B80&K10&D10). Fuels were used in a 4 cylinders diesel engine that was loaded with a generator. Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels and D2 in the diesel engine for certain loads of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW output power and 1500 rpm constant engine speed were experimented and deeply analyzed. It was found that kerosene contained blends had quite similar combustion characteristics with those of D2. Mass fuel consumption and Bscf were slightly increased for blend fuels. HC emissions slightly increased while NOx emissions considerably reduced for blends. It was resulted that high percentages of biodiesel can be a potential substitute for diesel fuel provided that it is used as blending fuel with certain amounts of kerosene. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    The effect of n-butanol additive on low load combustion, performance and emissions of biodiesel-diesel blend in a heavy duty diesel power generator
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2017) Isik, M. Zerrakki; Bayindir, Hasan; Iscan, Bahattin; Aydin, Huseyin
    Diesel power generators are often used under partially load conditions. Especially, under low load conditions, it is crucial to find a solution for their considerably high brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) and exhaust output emissions. Other points are the usability of waste cooking oil and an oxygenated alternative fuel in low load conditions of diesel generator. In this point of view, 10% n-butanol and 10% biodiesel mixture was blended with 80% of ultra low sulfur diesel fuel named here as BB20 was used and comparisons have been made with 20% biodiesel/80% diesel fuel named here as B20 and ultra low sulfur diesel fuel named here as (D2). Previously, main important physical and chemical fuel properties of test fuel have been found. These fuels were tested in low load operations of a diesel engine generator in order to find out the effects of blend fuels on combustion characteristics, performance and emissions of the test engine. The test results are presented in this paper and seem to raise quite interesting points. Butanol addition to diesel and biodiesel blends can be considered as a good solution for reducing density, viscosity and thus sustainable usability of biodiesel and increase thermal efficiency and lower carbon monoxide (CO) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) under comparatively lower load conditions in diesel power generator engines. (C) 2016 Energy Institute. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Evaluation of combustion, performance and emission indicators of canola oil-kerosene blends in a power generator diesel engine
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2017) Bayindir, Hasan; Isik, Mehmet Zerrakki; Aydin, Huseyin
    Direct use of vegetable oils as fuel in diesel engines leads to some important engine operational problems that need to be solved in order to make their usability possible. Canola oil was blended with kerosene by percentages of 90% canola oil-10% kerosene (C90&K10), 75% canola oil-25% kerosene (C75&K25) and 50% canola oil-50% kerosene (C50&K50). These blend fuels were initially analyzed by means of physicochemical fuel properties and comparisons were made with standard diesel fuel. Blend fuels and standard diesel fuel (D2) were than tested in a diesel power generator with 4 cylinders in order to investigate the combustion, performance and emission characteristics of the blend fuels and compare them with the petroleum based diesel fuel (D2). All experiments were carried out at specified output power values of 3.6, 7.2 and 10.8 kW and 1500 rpm constants speed. The combustion characteristics of canola oil kerosene blends have found be quite similar to those of D2. Mass fuel consumption and brake specific fuel consumption (bsfc) were slightly increased for blend fuels. Nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and exhaust smoke opacities were considerably reduced for blends while carbon monoxides (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions were a bit increased. It can be concluded that kerosene blended vegetable oils can be used as fuel with improved combustion and performance characteristics compared to those of pure vegetable oils. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Performance and emission analysis of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine
    (Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2010) Aydin, Hueseyin; Bayindir, Hasan
    In this study, performance and emissions of cottonseed oil methyl ester in a diesel engine was experimentally investigated. For the study, cottonseed oil methyl ester (CSOME) was added to diesel fuel, numbered D2, by volume of 5%(B5), 20%(B20), 50%(B50) and 75%(B75) as well as pure CSOME (B100). Fuels were tested in a single cylinder, direct injection, air cooled diesel engine. The effects of CSOME-diesel blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions were examined at various engine speeds and full loaded engine. The effect of B5, B20, B50, B75, B100 and D2 on the engine power, engine torque, bsfc's and exhaust gasses temperature were clarified by the performance tests. The influences of blends on CO, NOx, SO2 and smoke opacity were investigated by emission tests. The experimental results showed that the use of the lower blends (135) slightly increases the engine torque at medium and higher speeds in compression ignition engines. However, there were no significant differences in performance values of B5, B20 and diesel fuel. Also with the increase of the biodiesel in blends, the exhaust emissions were reduced. The experimental results showed that the lower contents of CSOME in the blends can partially be substituted for the diesel fuel without any modifications in diesel engines. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Performance and emissions at different running condition of spark ignition engine fueled with ethanol-gasoline blends
    (Sila Science, 2012) Bayindir, Hasan
    In this study, the effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends and partially wide opening throttle (WOT) on engine performance and exhaust emissions were experimentally investigated. The experiments were performed by varying ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends as unleaded gasoline (E0), 15% ethanol + 85% unleaded gasoline (E15), 35% ethanol + 65% unleaded gasoline (E35) and 45% ethanol + 55% unleaded gasoline (E45). In experiments, firstly the effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions at full throttle position values were clarified. Secondly, tests were carried out with half and quarter throttle positions. The results indicated that the different throttle positions and ethanol content play an important role to reduce carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions. Results also showed that the engine power was slightly decreased and brake specific fuel consumption increased.
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    Role of analytical methods in verifying biodiesel upgrades: Emphasis on nanoparticle and acetone integration for enhanced performance, combustion, and emissions
    (Wiley, 2024) Deviren, Halis; Cilgin, Erdal; Bayindir, Hasan
    This study aims to address critical challenges such as global warming and energy sustainability by targeting the reduction of high NOx emissions in diesel engines. The effects of acetone (AC) and magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles (NPs) as additives in improving the physicochemical properties of biodiesel derived from renewable, nonedible Pistacia terebinthus oil, which is abundant in Turkey and has a high free fatty acid (FFA) content of 5.8%, were investigated. Due to the high FFA content, a two-step (esterification followed by transesterification [TR]) method was used for biodiesel production. Additionally, a quantitative analysis of biodiesel obtained by both single (TR) and two-step methods was performed to address a gap in the literature. The addition of AC and MgO NPs to B20 (80% diesel fuel and 20% biodiesel) fuel resulted in reductions in the rate of pressure rise, instantaneous energy release, cylinder pressure, mean gas temperature, and cumulative heat release rate. However, brake-specific fuel consumption increased, and brake thermal efficiency decreased. Emissions analyses showed a reduction in CO emissions by 6.65% with AC and 2.10% with AC + MgO, and a reduction in NOx emissions by 41.64% with AC and 46.03% with AC + MgO. However, hydrocarbon emissions increased by 26.48%. The study highlights the synergistic benefits of AC and MgO additives in biodiesel, presenting a viable strategy for improving the environmental and performance metrics of biodiesel blends. It provides new insights into alternative fuel formulations.