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    Ameliorative effects of Scutellaria Pinnatifida subsp. pichleri (Stapf) Rech.f. Extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats: chemical composition, biochemical and histopathological evaluation
    (BioMed Central Ltd, 2023) Bakaç, Mehmet Salih; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Altındağ, Fikret; Dönmez, Fatih; Battal, Abdulhamit; Doğan, Abdulahad
    Backgrounds: Scutellaria Pinnatifida subsp. pichleri (Stapf) Rech.f. (SP) is used in folk medicine for the treatment of diabetes. The aim of the study was to determine the phenolic profile of SP extract (SPE) by LC-MS/MS and to investigate the antidiabetic, hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects of SPE in streptozotosin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat model. Methods: Forty-two rats were randomly divided into six groups (n = 7): Control (nondiabetic), diabetes mellitus (DM), DM + SP-100 (diabetic rats treated with SPE, 100 mg/kg/day), DM + SP-200 (diabetic rats treated with SPE, 200 mg/kg/day), DM + SP-400 (diabetic rats treated with SPE, 400 mg/kg/day) and DM + Gly-3 (diabetic rats treated with glibenclamide, 3 mg/kg/day). Live body weight, fasting blood glucose (FBG) level, antidiabetic, serum biochemical and lipid profile parameters, antioxidant defense system, malondyaldehyde (MDA) and histopathological examinations in liver, kidney and pancreas were evaluated. Results: Apigenin, luteolin, quinic acid, cosmosiin and epigallocatechin were determined to be the major phenolic compounds in the SPE. Administration of the highest dose of SP extract (400 mg/kg) resulted in a significant reduction in FBG levels and glycosylated hemoglobin levels in STZ-induced diabetic rats, indicating an antihyperglycemic effect. SPE (200 and 400 mg/kg) and glibenclamide significantly improved MDA in liver and kidney tissues. In addition, SPE contributed to the struggle against STZ-induced oxidative stress by stimulating antioxidant defense systems. STZ induction negatively affected liver, kidney and pancreas tissues according to histopathological findings. Treatment with 400 mg/kg and glibenclamide attenuated these negative effects. Conclusions: In conclusion, the extract of the aerial part of Scutellaria pinnatifida subsp. pichleri has hepatoprotective, nephroprotective and insulin secretion stimulating effects against STZ-induced diabetes and its complications due to its antidiabetic and antioxidant phytochemicals such as apigenin, luteolin, quinic acid, cosmosiin and epigallocatechin.
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    EXPLORING THE AMELIORATIVE EFFECTS OF HYPERICUM SCABRUM L. ON A SURGICALLY-INDUCED ENDOMETRIOSIS RAT MODEL AND ITS PHYTOCHEMICAL LC-MS/MS- PROFILE
    (Soc Stiinte Farmaceutice Romania, 2023) Ilhan, Mert; Battal, Abdulhamit; Kaptaner, Burak; Dogan, Abdulahad; Donmez, Fatih; Yilmaz, Mustafa abdullah; Eroglu, Huseyin
    Endometriosis is described as the existence and expansion of functional endometrial-like tissues in another part of the uterine cavity. It affects not only postmenopausal women but also teenagers after menarche, causing subfertility, dysmenorrhea and severe pelvic pain. Since no specific treatment is acknowledged for this disease, the present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of H. scabrum in a surgically-induced endometriosis rat model. In order to test the efficacy of H. scabrum on endometriosis, n-hexane, ethyl acetate (EtOAc), methanol (MeOH) and aqueous extracts were prepared from the aerial parts of H. scabrum. The cytokine levels, antioxidant enzyme activities, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) and histopathological analyses were evaluated. In order to reveal the potential active compounds, liquid chromatography-mass/mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) analysis was performed on the MeOH extract who presentedthe highest activity. The MeOH extract significantly decreased the adhesion scores, endometriotic implant volumes, cytokine levels and the antioxidant parameters. Furthermore, histological procedures supported those findings. According to LC-MS/MS analysis of the MeOH extract, the major compounds were mostly phenolic acids and flavonoids. We concluded that the MeOH extract from H. scabrum aerial parts could be used for the treatment of endometriosis, and its activity could be attributed to the chlorogenic acid and quercetin, detected in the highest amounts.