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    Comparative Study of Lipid and Fatty Acid Profile in Liver Tissues of Male and Female Silurus triostegus During the Catching Seasons
    (Istanbul Univ Press, Fac Aquatic Sciences, 2021) Kacar, Semra; Bashan, Mehmet
    In this study, seasonal variations of total fatty acid (FA), phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) compositions in liver tissues of catfish (Silurus triostegus) were investigated. Samples of S. triostegus were obtained from Ataturk Dam Lake, Turkey, in two month periods during one year as from May. The major components were palmitic acid (16:0), stearic acid (18:0), oleic acid (18:1n-9), palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3) and arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) in total lipid, 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3), DHA and AA in PL, 16:0, 16:1n7, 18:1n-9, linoleic acid (LA, 18:2n-6), AA, EPA, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (22:5n-3) in TAG extracted from the liver of S. triostegus in all seasons. N-3/n-6 ratio was found 2.00-2.61 in females, 1.15-2.75 in males in total lipid. The highest lipid content was found in May (2.39%) in the females. In the males, the highest level was found in September (2.91%). In TAG fraction, the component with the lowest ratio in both sexes' TAG is PUFA. In PL fraction, SFA, MUFA, and PUFA percentages were found at similar rates in both sexes in all months.
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    Comparison of lipid contents and fatty acid profiles of freshwater fish from the Ataturk Dam Lake
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2016) Kacar, Semra; Bashan, Mehmet
    Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the lipid levels, fatty acid profiles (especially EPA and DHA which play an important role in the prevention of a wide variety disorders such as; coronary heart disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, breast and colon cancer, Alzheimer disease, inflammation and autoimmune disorders) and n-3/n-6 ratio of some freshwater fish in Ataturk Dam Lake. Methods: Samples of 12 fish species from the Ataturk Dam Lake (Turkey) were investigated for their fat content and fatty acid composition (Aspius vorax, Carasobarbus luteus, Carassius gibelio, Liza abu, Acanthobrama marmid, Barbus xanthopterus, Cyprinion macrostomum, Carassius auratus, Calcalburnus mossulensis, Capoeta trutta, Mastacembelus simack, Chondrostoma regium). Total lipids were extracted with 10 ml of chloroform-methanol (2/1v/v). Samples containing muscle lipid were transesterified with acidified methanol. The fatty acid methyl esters were extracted with hexane. Fatty acids were detected by gas chromatography (GC). Results: The lipid content of species ranged from 0.78% to 2.51%. The highest lipid content was found in female C. trutta (2.51%). The major SFAs were myristic acid (C14:0), palmitic acid (C16:0) and stearic acid (C18: 0). Oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) and palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) were the prominent MUFA. The dominant PUFAs were linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 n-6), linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3 n-3), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 n-6), eicoesapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20: 5 n-3) and docoesahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3). The ratio of n-3/n-6 PUFAs ranged from 1.22 to 4.71. Conclusion: In this study, the fatty acid composition varied between different species In addition, the highest n-3/n-6 ratios were observed in female C. trutta, C. mossulensis, C. regium and A. vorax. Therefore, these species are economically important fish considering n-3 fatty acids and n-3/n-6 ratios.
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    A comparison of the fatty acid composition of the phospholipid and neutral lipid of Unio elongatulus (Bourguignat, 1860) (Bivalvia: Unionidae) mussels from 4 different localities in southeastern Anatolia, Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet; Sesen, Ridvan
    The quantitative and qualitative fatty acid compositions of phospholipid and neutral lipid were investigated and compared for specimens of the freshwater mussel Unio elongatulus. Samples were collected from 4 different localities in Turkey: Cagcag Brook in Nusaybin (Mardin), Fabrika Brook in Cinar (Diyarbakir), the Tigris River under and Sigma SFA levels. As is characteristic of freshwater mussels, Sigma omega 6/Sigma omega 3 ratios were found to be high in all lipid fractions. the Sadi Bridge (Diyarbakir), and Kirkcesme Spring in Sultankoy (Mardin). Phospholipids and neutral lipids of the mussels' whole tissues were fractionated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and fatty acid analyses were done by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Both in the phospholipid and neutral lipid fractions, C16:0 (17.20%-22.17%), C16:1 omega 7 (9.21%-15.31%), C18:1 omega 9 (12.21%-23.12%), C18:2 omega 6 (12.12%-16.10%), and C20:4 omega 6 (5.86%13.10%) acids were found to predominate. The percentage of C20:4w6 acid, a precursor of eicosanoids, was shown to be high in the phospholipid fractions. In the neutral lipids, total monounsaturated fatty acids (Sigma MUFA) levels were determined to be higher than total saturated fatty acids (Sigma SFA) and total polyunsaturated fatty acids (Sigma PUFA) levels. In the phospholipid total, however, Sigma PUFA levels were noted to be higher than Sigma MUFA and Sigma SFA levels. As is characteristic of freshwater mussels, Sigma omega 6/Sigma omega 3 ratios were found to be high in all lipid fractions.
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    COMPARISON OF TOTAL LIPID AND FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS OF WHOLE-BODY AND BODY SEGMENTS OF LERTHA EXTENSA ADULTS (NEUROPTERA: NEMOPTERIDAE)
    (Texas Acad Sci, 2009) Cakmak, Ozlem; Bashan, Mehmet; Satar, Ali
    Total lipid and fatty acid compositions of phospholipids and triacylglycerols fractions, prepared from whole body and selected body segments (head, thorax and abdomen) of adults males and females of Lertha extensa Oliver (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae), were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The female abdomen has the highest level of total lipid in body segments. Predominant fatty acid components of phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions in the whole body and three body segments were C 16:0, C18:1n-9 and C18:2n-6 acids, comprising more than 80 % of the fatty acid components. Fatty acid profiles of whole body extracts differed by sex only for phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions. Fatty acid profiles of phospholipids from the head and abdomen were similar to those of the whole body, but considerably different from that of thorax. Several minor fatty acids, comprising < 2% of the total, were noted. Detailed profiles are reported, and are compared to those of other insects.
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    Determination of fatty acids from phospholipid subclasses in the total body and cephalopedal tissues from edible snail Helix lucorum
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2015) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet; Sesen, Ridvan; Kizmaz, Veysi
    Objective: The objective of the study was to examine the nutritive value of Helix lucorum meat and to create awareness about fatty acid composition of phospholipid subclasses of the total body and cephalopedal tissues of the snail. Methods: Thin layer chromatography plates contained lipid samples placed in the chromatography tank containing: chloroform/ethanol/water/triethylamine. The phospholipid subclasses were dissolved in about 5 ml of methanol and 5 drop of sulfuric acid. The mixture was refluxed for 2 h to form fatty acid methyl esters at 85 degrees C. Fatty acids were detected by Gas chromatography. Results: The most noteworthy result was the high level of C20:2 omega 6 in PE (10.49%-11.35%) and PC (17.33%-12.96%). Appreciable quantity of essential fatty acid C18:2 omega 6 was determined in PC (20.85%-17.46%) and PE (16.88%-17.53%) from both tissues. Precursor of eicosanoids, C20:4 omega 6 was found apparently high in PI, PS and PE of the total body. The highest level of SPUFA was 63.90% in PE from total body whereas the highest level of SSFA was 60.79% in PI from the cephalopedal. SMUFA level was pretty low in PI, PS and PE. Conclusion: The study is a guide for biochemical and nutritional value of edible snails and can be useful for further investigation on physiological and systematic studies of other species.
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    Effect of seasonal variation on lipid and fatty acid profile in muscle tissue of male and female Silurus triostegus
    (Springer India, 2016) Kacar, Semra; Bashan, Mehmet; Oymak, Seyit Ahmet
    Fatty acid (FA) compositions of total lipid, phospholipid (PL) and triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions have been determined in muscle tissues of Silurus triostegus. The distributions of saturated fatty acid (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) proportions were found to be different among total lipid, PL and TAG fractions from lipids in muscle tissues of the male and female S. triostegus in all seasons. Triacylglycerol contained a lower proportion of PUFA and a higher proportion of MUFA and SFA than PL while PL contained higher proportion of PUFA than proportion of MUFA and SFA compared to TAG. Triacylglycerol and PL fatty acid compositions in muscle tissues of the male and female fish species were found different. The most abundant fatty acids in the investigated seasons were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1 n-9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1 n-7) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6 n-3). It was shown that the total lipid content and FA compositions in muscle tissues of the male and female S. triostegus were influenced by reproduction period and season.
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    The Effects of Different Cooking Methods on Fatty Acid Composition of Leer (Lichia amia) Fillets
    (Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Akgul, Nasuh; Bashan, Mehmet
    In this study, the effects of cooking methods such as frying in vegetable oils, cooking in the oven and microwave cooking, grilling and steaming on the fatty acid composition of leer fish (Lichia amia) were investigated. It was determined that the frying process changed the fatty acid composition of the fish. It was determined that 18:2n-6 and & sum;n-6 PUFA were significantly increased in fillets fried in sunflower oil and corn oil, and 18:1n-9 and & sum;MUFA in samples fried in olive oil and hazelnut oil (p<0.01). A slight increase in & sum;SFA and a decrease in & sum;PUFA and & sum;n-3 PUFA were observed in leer cooked by grilling, microwave and steaming. n -3/n-6 ratio was significantly decreased in all vegetable oils tested compared to the control.(p<0.01); this ratio was found to be close to in methods cooked other than frying (p>0.05). The atherogenic index (AI) and thrombogenic index (TI) values obtained from all cooking methods were below 1.0, which is the value recommended by nutritionists.
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    The effects of seasonal variation on the fatty acid composition of total lipid, phospholipid, and triacylglycerol in the dorsal muscle of Capoeta trutta found in the Tigris River (Turkey)
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2012) Satar, Elif Ipek; Uysal, Ersin; Unlu, Erhan; Bashan, Mehmet; Satar, Ali
    The effects of seasonal variation on the fatty acid composition of total lipid, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid in the dorsal muscle of Capoeta trutta were assessed by gas chromatographic method. A total of 18 different fatty acids were determined in the composition of C. trutta. The variations in fatty acid composition of total lipid, triacylglycerol, and phospholipid were recorded throughout the seasons. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (M UFA) were the most important groups of total lipid. Total saturated fatty acid (SFA) and total MUFA were seen to increase from spring to summer while total PUFA decreased sharply from spring to summer. These seasons corresponded to the beginning and end of the reproduction period, respectively. The major fatty acids of total lipid in all seasons were C16:0, C18:1n-9, C20:4n-6, C20:5n-3, and C22:6n-3. In the present study, n-3/n-6 ratios of total lipid were 3.20, 4.11, 1.69, and 1.45 in spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively. MUFA and PUPA were the most important groups of triacylglycerols. Of these, the main fatty acids were found to be C16:0, C16:1n-7, C18:1n-9, and C20:5n-3. PUFA were determined to be the most important group of phospholipids. The major fatty acids identified in the phospholipid group were C16:0, C18:1n-9, C20:5n-3, C22:5n-3, and C22:6n-3 in all seasons. In conclusion, it was shown that the fatty acid compositions in the muscle of C. trutta was significantly influenced by the seasons and that, in light of their n-3/n-6 ratios, C. trutta should be considered a desirable food in the human diet.
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    Effects of Seasonal Variations on the Fatty Acid Composition of Total Lipid, Phospholipid and Triacylglicerol in the Dorsal Muscle of Mesopotamian Catfish (Silurus triostegus Heckel, 1843) in Tigris River (Turkey)
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2012) Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Unlu, Erhan; Bashan, Mehmet; Satar, Ali; Uysal, Ersin
    The seasonal effects on the fatty acid composition of total lipid, triacylglicerol and phospholipid in the dorsal muscle of Silurus triostegus were determined by gas chromatographic (GC) method. The total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUPA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were the most important groups of total lipid and statistically ranged (P<0.05) from 33.88% to 55.85% and from 23.37% to 38.71%, respectively. The major fatty acids of total lipid in all seasons were palmitic acid (16:0) in SFA, oleic acid (18:1) in MUFA, linoleic acid (18:2) in n-6 PUFA, and docosahexanoic acid (22:6, DHA) in n-3 PUPA. In the present study, n-3/n-6 ratios of total lipid were 2.47, 1.20, 1.03 and 1.40 in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively. It was determined that MUFA and PUFA were the most important groups of triacylglicerol and statistically ranged (P<0.05) from 34.09% to 47.02% and from 33.13% to 46.12%, respectively. The main fatty acids of triacylglicerol were palmitic acid in SFA, oleic acid in MUFA and linoleic acid in PUFA. PUPA was the most important group of phospholipid except summer. The total PUFA percentages of the phospholipid statistically ranged (P<0.05) from 38.12% to 65.75%. The major fatty acids identified in the phospholipid were palmitic acid in SFA, oleic acid in MUFA, arachidonic acid (20:4, AA) in n-6 PUFA and DHA in n-3 PUFA in all seasons. DHA was very high in winter (30.41%). It was shown that the fatty acid compositions in the muscle of fish were significantly influenced by seasons.
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    Fatty acid composition of lipid classes in two mussel populations (Anodonta piscinalis and Corbicula fluminalis) living in Tigris River
    (Walter De Gruyter Gmbh, 2012) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet; Sesen, Ridvan
    Purpose: The aim of this work was to investigate quantitative and qualitative fatty acid composition of phospholipid, monoacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, triacylglycerol and total body lipid of two adult freshwater mussels, Anodonta piscinalis (Nilsson, 1822) and Corbicula fluminalis (Muller, 1774). Methods: Mussels' body lipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry instruments were used to detect the fatty acids. Results: C16:0, C18:0, C16:1 omega 7, C18:1 omega 9, C18:2 omega 6 and C20:4 omega 6 were the dominant fatty acids. Their total percentages are between 70.37% and 82.11% in A. piscinalis and between 66.70% and 75.53% in C. fluminalis. As characteristic to freshwater mussels, Sigma omega 6/Sigma omega 3 ratio was defined high in all lipid fractions. In both of the mussels, the maximum level of total polyunsaturated fatty acids was found in the phospholipids, and the maximum level of the total saturated fatty acids was found in the monoacylglycerol fractions. However, the level total monounsaturated fatty acids showed differentiations among fractions. In comparison to other fractions, the phospholipid contained high amount of C20:4 omega 6 and C20:5 omega 3, involved in eicosanoids formation. Conclusion: The study provided insight into the biochemistry and nutritional value of the widely distributed freshwater mussels from Tigris River.
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    Fatty Acid Composition of Selected Tissues of Unio elongatulus (Bourguignat, 1860) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) Collected from Tigris River, Turkey
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2010) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet
    The total lipid, fatty acid content of some organs and whole specimen of freshwater mussel Unio elongandus were investigated. The mussels were collected in July in 2007 from Tigris River, Turkey. Fatty acid content of selected tissues and whole mussel was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In the analyses, predominant fatty acids were C16:0, C16:1 omega 7, C18:1 omega 9, C20:1 omega 9, C20:4 omega 6 and C20:5 omega 3. Analyses of selected organs (mantle, gills, foot and whole body) presented different and characteristic fatty acids profiles. In the gills C16:1 omega 7 (30.2%), C16:0 (17.4%) acids; in the mantle C18:1 omega 9 (20.3%), C16:0 (25.4%) acids; in the foot C16:0 (20.8%), C16:1 omega 7 (15.9%), C18:1 omega 9 (15.4%) acids and in whole body C16:1 omega 7 (27.6%), C16:0 (23.6%) acids were the most abundant constituents. Also the percentages of C20:4 omega 6 and C20:5 omega 3 acids, precursors of eicosanoids, were apparently high in the gills and foot. It is presumed that the chief fatty acids present in a particular organ are related to specific functions of the organ. In all of the tissue analyses, Sigma MUFA levels were higher than Sigma PUFA and Sigma SFA levels.
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    Fatty acid composition of total lipids in muscle tissues of nine freshwater fish from the River Tigris (Turkey)
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2010) Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Unlu, Erhan; Bashan, Mehmet
    Fatty acid compositions of total lipids in the muscle of 9 freshwater fish species were examined via gas chromatography. Palmitic acid and oleic acid were the predominant saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in all the species analyzed. The highest value of total SFA was detected in Liza abu (48.94%). Alburnus mossulensis had the greatest percentage of total MUFA (55.56%). Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) were the most abundant PUFA in all the species analyzed. Cyprinion macrostomus had the highest percentage (72.65%) of total PUFA. The ratio of omega 3/omega 6 PUFAs ranged from 0.39 to 3.53. Chondrostoma regium, Barbus rajonorum, Carasobarbus luteus, Leuciscus lepidus, Acanthobrama marmid, C. macrostomus, and Silurus triostegus may be preferable for a healthy diet as a result of their high C20:5 omega 3 and C22:6 omega 3 content. A. mossulensis and L. abu had an w3/w6 PUFAs ratio of less than 1. They are not as good a source of omega 3 fatty acids as freshwater fish.
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    The fatty acid compositions of predator Piocoris luridus (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) and its host Monosteria unicostata (Heteroptera: Tingidae) reared on almond
    (Blackwell Publishing, 2007) Cakmak, Ozlem; Bashan, Mehmet; Bolu, Halil
    The changes in fatty acid compositions during nutritional interaction among almond Amygdalus communis Linnaeus (Rosales: Rosaceae) (host plant), lacebug Monosteria unicostata (Mulsant and Rey) (Heteroptera: Tingidae) and its predator Piocoris luridus Fieber (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae) were determined by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses. The fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and triacylglycerols were substantially different. Unlike the general observations for virtually most terrestrial insects, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids were detected in high proportions of phospholipid fractions in both insects, especially in P. luridus. Also the almond tissues provide very little oleic acid to the herbivore diet, yet both insect species developed high proportions of this component. Our data reveals instances of specific accumulation of fatty acid biosynthesis, elongation/desaturation, and not incorporating selected fatty acids into cellular lipids.
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    The influence of life-cycle on phospholipid and triacylglycerol fatty acid profiles of Aelia rostrata Boheman (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
    (Kansas Entomological Soc, 2008) Cakmak, Ozlem; Bashan, Mehmet; Kocak, Erhan
    The fatty acid compositions of phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions of total lipids prepared from eggs, nymphs, new-generation, aestivating, and diapausing adults of the wheat stink bug Aelia rostrata Boheman (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The major components were C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated fatty acid ubiquitous to most animal species. In addition to these components, several odd-chain (C13:0, C15:0, and C17:0) and prostaglandin-precursor fatty acids were found. The fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and triacyglycerols were substantially different. Generally, the phospholipids were higher than triacyglycerols in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The unsaturation/saturation ratio for phospholipid was higher than calculated for triacylglycerol. There were substantial differences in fatty acid compositions from different development stages. In phospholipid fractions, the fatty acid profiles from eggs and nymph were not the same, with decreased palmitoleic acid proportions in nymphs. Eggs also differed from the adult stage, with lower proportions of myristic and higher proportions of palmitoleic and eicosenoic acids. Percentages of linoleic acid increased significantly at the expense of palmitic acid from new-generation adult compared to other nymphal stages. In triacylglcerol fraction. the content of oleic acid in nymphs and most adults stages decreased relative to eggs. In both fractions, polyunsaturated fatty acids contents were higher in female than in male. The proportion of unsaturation/saturation ratio was significantly increased in phospholipid and triacylglycerol, apparently because of increases in major monounsaturated oleic acid at the expense of saturated palmitic acid during diapause. Thus, temperature and development stages seem to play an important role of lipid metabolism in the wheat stink bug.
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    Possible seasonal variation of the fatty acid composition from Melanopsis praemorsa (L., 1758) (Gastropoda: Prosobranchia), from southeast Anatolia, Turkey
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2011) Ekin, Ihsan; Bashan, Mehmet; Sesen, Ridvan
    Possible seasonal variations of the fatty acid composition (neutral lipid, phospholipid, and total lipid content) of the freshwater snail Melanopsis praemorsa were investigated over the course of a year. Snail body lipids were fractionated by thin layer chromatography. Fatty acid composition of total body lipid, phospholipid, and neutral lipid of whole snail and total lipid of their algal food were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatographymass spectrometry. The most abundant fatty acids were C16:0, C18:0, C16:1 omega 7, C18:1 omega 9, C18:2 omega 6, and C18:3 omega 3 acids in the lipid analyses of the snail and in its food. Odd-numbered fatty acids and C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid structures were confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Some differences were found in the percentages of phospholipid and neutral, total, and algal lipid. It is proposed that possible seasonal variations in the snail lipids are related to temperature: a positive correlation between the level of Sigma SFA (total saturated fatty acid:;) in total body lipid, phospholipid, and neutral lipid fractions of the snail and temperature was observed, whereas Sigma MUFA (total monounsaturated fatty acids) levels were negatively related with temperature. On the other hand, there were fluctuations in the concentrations of Sigma PUFA (total polyunsaturated fatty acids) in all analyses. In algae, maximal Sigma SFA, Sigma MUFA, and Sigma PUFA levels were registered in summer, spring, and winter, respectively. In addition, C18:2 omega 6 acid percentages in winter and autumn were significantly high in the algae.
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    The protective role of vitamin E on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid structure in gill and liver tissues of Oreochromis niloticus exposed to deltamethrin
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2012) Cengiz, Elif Ipek; Kan, Yeter; Kizmaz, Veysi; Bashan, Mehmet; Yanar, Mahmut
    Deltamethrin is a commonly used pyrethroid pesticide. Vitamin E is a antioxidant that plays an important role in protecting cells against toxicity by inactivating free radicals generated following pesticides exposure. Therefore, in the present study, it was evaluated whether deltamethrin induced changes on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid in gill and liver tissues in Oreochromis niloticus and, the possible protective effect of vitamin E against deltamethrin was determined. Fish was fed with no pesticide+control diet, no pesticide+vitamin E-supplemented diet, 1.45 mu g/l deltamethrin+control diet, 1.45 mu g/l deltamethrin+vitamin E-supplemented diet for twenty days. Pesticide and diet quality made an impact on the fatty acid composition of phospholipid. In treatments of deltamethrin, group fed with control diet showed much greater damage in comparison with group fed with vitamin E supplemented diet. The results indicated that the deltamethrin led to an increase in the percentages of total SFAs (saturated fatty acids) and total MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids) and a decrease in total PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) in the gill tissues. However, coadministration of deltamethrin and vitamin E showed decrease in the percentages of saturated fatty acids and increase in the percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the gill tissues. In group fed with control diet, deltamethrin led to a decrease in the percentage of SFAs and a increase in total MUFAs in the liver. Coadministration of deltamethrin and vitamin E showed increase in the percentages of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the liver tissues. These results have demonstrated that administration of vitamin E along with deltamethrin decreases the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids and thus protects the cell membranes. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Seasonal Changes in Fatty Acid Composition of Chondrostoma regium Lipids
    (Inst Animal Reproduction & Food Research Polish Acad Sciences Olsztyn, 2024) Kacar, Semra; Kaya, Hacer Kayhan; Bashan, Mehmet
    This study examined seasonal variations in fatty acid composition of the phospholipid (PL) fraction, triacylglycerol (TAG) fraction, and phospholipid subclass (phosphatidylcholine, PC; phosphatidylinositol, PI; phosphatidylserine, PS; and phosphatidylethanolamine, PE) of muscle tissue of Chondrostoma regium, a freshwater fish inhabiting the Munzur River (Turkey). It was found that the percentages of total monounsaturated fatty acids, myristic acid (C14:0), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7), oleic acid (C18:1n9), linoleic acid (C18:2n6), and linolenic acid (C18:3n3) were higher in TAG fraction than in the PL fraction. The ratio of total polyunsaturated fatty acids to total saturated fatty acids was 1.44-1.85, the atherogenicity index ranged from 0.36 to 0.46, while the thrombogenicity index was determined to be between 0.17 and 0.21 in total lipids. The n3/n6 ratio ranged from 6.55 to 10.49. The fatty acid levels of the PL and PL subclasses, TAG, and total lipid were influenced by the season. Throughout the year, palmitic acid (C16:0), C18:1n9, eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n3, EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n3, DHA) were the most abundant in PC. In PE, the share of n3 fatty acids decreased from November to April, and percentages of EPA, DHA and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n3) were high among the n3 fatty acids. The predominant fatty acids in PI were stearic acid (C18:0) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n6), and throughout the year, the share of C18:0 was the highest in November. In the PS fraction, the percentages of C16:1n7 and C18:1n9 were high. In summary, C. regium can be deemed an excellent source of nutritionally valuable lipids and recommended for wider use in the human diet.
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    Total lipid and fatty acid compositions of Lertha sheppardi (Neuroptera: Nemopteridae) during its main life stages
    (Versita, 2007) Cakmak, Ozlem; Bashan, Mehmet; Satar, Ali
    Total lipid and the fatty acid compositions of phospholipid and triacylglycerol fractions, prepared from eggs, 3(rd) instars of larvae, pupae, male and female adults of Lertha sheppardi, were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. The effect of diet (adults' nutrition) on fatty acid composition of L. sheppardi adults was also investigated. Total lipid of L. sheppardi considerably increased in adults compared with immature stages. There was a significant decrease in total lipid level in larval stage in contrast with egg stage. Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of 14 fatty acids during all stages. The major components were C16 and C18 saturated and unsaturated components which are ubiquitous to most animal species. In addition to these components, one odd- chain (C17: 0) and prostaglandin precursor fatty acids were found. The fatty acid profiles of phospholipids and triacylglycerols were substantially different. In phospholipid fraction, monounsaturated fatty acids were the major proportion of fatty acids in both sex of adults and pupae, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were the most dominant fatty acids in eggs and 3rd instars. Results of triacylglycerol fraction revealed that fatty acid composition of eggs had higher level of C16: 1, C18: 0 and C18: 3n- 3 content than that of 3rd instars and pupae, which suggests accumulation of energetic and structural reserve materials during embryonic development. At more advanced developmental stages, mainly in adult females, the amount of C16: 1 increased once again, which may be related to the need for accumulation of sufficient energy and of carbon reservoir in the developing new vitellum. Percentages of C18: 1 were significantly high in adult stages compared to other stages. These findings indicate that the accumulation and consumption of fatty acids fluctuate through different development stages. Diet did not effect the fatty acid composition of L. sheppardi adults.