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    Acute Toxicity of Deltamethrin on the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid Classes in Liver and Gill Tissues of Nile tilapia
    (Springer International Publishing Ag, 2017) Cengiz, E. I.; Bayar, A. S.; Kizmaz, V.; Bashan, M.; Satar, A.
    Deltamethrin is a pyrethroid pesticide contaminating aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to clarify the acute toxicity of deltamethrin on the fatty acids of phospholipid (PL) classes in liver and gill of Nile tilapia. The fatty acids of PL classes were analyzed by gas chromatography. Deltamethrin brought about differences in the fatty acids of the PL classes in the liver and gill. In the liver of exposed fish, 16:0, 18:2(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylcholine (PC); 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylethanolamine (PE); 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in phosphatidylinositol (PI) and in phosphatidylserine (PS) 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) were the affected fatty acids. There were significant alterations in Sigma MUFAs (monounsaturated fatty acids), a(n-3)PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PC; Sigma SFAs (saturated fatty acids), Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PE; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PI and Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs,Sigma PUFAs and Sigma(n-3)PUFAs in PS. In the gill, 18:2(n-6), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in PC; 16:0, 18:1(n-9), 20:4(n-6), 22:6(n-3) in PE; 16:0, 18:0, 18:1(n-9), 18:2(n-6) in PI and in PS 16:0, 18:0,18:1(n-9), 20:3(n-6), 20:5(n-3), 22:6(n-3) affected. The alterations in Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PC; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PE; Sigma(n-3)PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PI; Sigma SFAs, Sigma MUFAs, Sigma PUFAs, Sigma(n-3) PUFAs and Sigma(n-6)PUFAs in PS were significant in gill. The changes in the fatty acids of the PL classes in response to deltamethrin can influence structure and functions of the membrane systems. Changes in fatty acids may be one defense mechanism against the deltamethrin.
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    Determination of the Fatty Acid Composition of the Fruits and Different Organs of Lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus L.)
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Akdemir, O. F.; Tilkat, E.; Onay, A.; Keskin, C.; Bashan, M.; Kilinc, F. M.; Kizmaz, V.
    This paper reports the fatty acid composition of the oil extracts from seeds and in vivo and in vitro grown organs of Pistacia lentiscus L. were determined by using gas chromatography. The main fatty acids were linoleic (LA), palmitic (PALM), oleic (OLA) and linolenic (ALA) acids in the fruits, resins and in both in vivo and in vitro grown root, leaf and stem sections of male or female tree. The major fatty acids were represented by polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) accounting for 56.94 %, 64.44 % and 55.57 % in root, leaf and stem part of male tree grown in vivo, respectively. The prominent class of fatty acid composition of different male organs of P. lentiscus L. regenerated in vitro was represented by PUFA accounting for 63.24 %. The monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), OLA and PUFA, LA were determined in the oils of the two genotypes studied.
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    Effect of season on the fatty acid profile of total lipids, phospholipids and triacylglycerols in Mastacembelus mastacembelus (Ataturk Dam Lake, Turkey)
    (Consejo Superior Investigaciones Cientificas-Csic, Inst Grasa, 2018) Kacar, S.; Bashan, M.; Oymak, S. A.
    The present study investigated the lipid content and FA profiles of total lipids, phospholipids (PL) and triacylglycerols (TAG) of Mastacembelus mastacembelus from the Ataturk Dam Lake (Turkey). The results showed that the total lipid content of the dorsal muscle varied seasonally from 0.50% to 3.59%. Wide ranges of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (36.21 to 50.52%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (25.22 to 42.02%) were found in the PL fraction. However, higher monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) (37.63 to 45.07%) and SFA (34.71 to 38.82%) were found in TAG (triacylglycerol). The ratios of omega-3 to omega-6 PUFA ranged from 0.65 to 1.32 and 1.07 to 3.48 in PL (phospholipid) and TAG fraction, respectively. The results also showed that the major components were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1 omega-9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1 omega-7), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 omega-3), arachidonic acid (AA, C20:4 omega-6) and docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5 omega-3) in total lipid, C16:0, C18:1 omega-9, AA and DHA in PL, C16:0, C16:1 omega-7, C18:1 omega-9, linoleic acid (LA, C18:2 omega-6), and DHA in TAG extracted from the muscle of M. mastacembelus in all seasons.
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    Fatty acid compositions of colostrum and mature breast milk in Turkey (Mardin)
    (Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2023) Kacar, S.; Bashan, M.; Keskin, C.
    In this study, 25-25 milk samples (25 colostral and 25 mature) collected at different lactational stages were used to analyse the fatty acid composition of breast milk. A gas-chromatographic method was used to perform and analyse the transmethylation of total milk lipid extracts. The milk samples contained 20 different fatty acids. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), myristic acid (C14:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), and linoleic acid (LA, C18:2n-6) were the major components of total lipid, phospholipid (PL), and triacylglycerol (TAG) fractions. Colostrum had a lower percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), a higher percentage of saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and a lower level of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, C20:5 n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6 n-3) in total lipid than mature milk. Triacylglycerol and PL fractions between colostrum and mature milk samples did not differ statistically.
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    Seasonal Variations in the Fatty Acid Composition of Phospholipid and Triacylglycerol in Gonad and Liver of Mastacembelus simack
    (Wiley, 2015) Kacar, Semra; Bashan, M.
    The seasonal effects on the fatty acid composition of triacylglycerol (TG) and phospholipid (PL) in the gonad and liver of Mastacembelus simack were determined using the gas chromatographic method. The most abundant fatty acids in the investigated seasons and tissues were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1n-9), palmitoleic acid (C16:1n-7), arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6), eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3), and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3). The distribution proportions of aSFA (saturated fatty acids), aMUFA (monounsaturated fatty acids) and aPUFA (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were found to be different among PL and TG fractions in all seasons. The total lipid content of gonad and liver were 1.32 (November)-4.90 % (September) and 1.32 (September)-3.94 % (January), respectively. It was shown that the total lipid and fatty acid compositions in the gonad and liver of fish were significantly influenced by seasons.