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    Öğe
    Characterization of Hazelnut, Pistachio, and Apricot Kernel Shell Particles and Analysis of Their Composite Properties
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2021) Celik, Yahya Hisma; Yalcin, Rojin; Topkaya, Tolga; Basaran, Eyup; Kilickap, Erol
    In this study, hazelnut, pistachio, and apricot kernel shells were ground size of 0-300 mu m, 300-600 mu m, and 600-850 mu m. The cellulose, ash, humidity, and metal contents of these powder particles were chemically analyzed and structural properties were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer (FT-IR) analysis. Their composites were fabricated by adding 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of these powder particles to the polyester matrix material. The effect of chemical and structural properties of the powder particles on the physical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the composites was analyzed. The XRD analysis revealed that cellulose structure observed in powder particles. The peaks observed in their surface functional structures with FT-IR were mainly caused by cellulose and hemicellulose structures. These structures effected humidity and ash ratios. Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen elements were seen in the structure. In addition, heavy metals such as Sn, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Ni, Mn, Cu, Zn, and Si were found. Powder particles added to the polyester material adversely affected the tensile strength of the matrix material. However, powder particles added to the matrix material at low rates had a positive effect on bending and compressive strength.
  • [ X ]
    Öğe
    Design, synthesis, structural characterization, in vitro anticancer activity, and in silico studies of some new hydroxylated and fluorinated-substituted hydrazone derivatives
    (2025) Cakmak, Resit; Basaran, Eyup; Erdogan, Omer; Mali, Suraj N.; Kopru, Semiha; Yasin, Haya; Gurav, Shailesh S.
    Today, due to improved lifestyles and increased survival, the number of new cancer cases and cancer-related deaths continues to increase. In this study, novel hydroxylated and fluorinated-substituted hydrazone derivatives bearing an aromatic nitro moiety (2a-d and 3a-d) were designed as potential anticancer drug candidates, synthesized for the first time, and evaluated for their anticancer activity against chondrosarcoma (SW1353), a common primary malignant cartilage-forming tumor, neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y), a type of brain cancer, and healthy (L929) cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) method for 24 h. The chemical structures of the target molecules were confirmed by FT-IR, 1D NMR (1Hand 13C- NMR, and APT), 2D NMR (COSY, HETCOR, and HMBC), and elemental analysis. Some of the compounds targeted against these cancer cell lines showed activity greater than 200 mu M, whereas others (2d and 3a) demonstrated significant cytotoxic activity. Among them, compound 3a (IC50 = 9.45 +/- 2.14 mu M), a fluorinatedsubstituted hydrazone derivative, showed significant cytotoxic activity against the human SW1353 cell line compared to cisplatin (IC50 = 11.9 +/- 0.95 mu M). The anti-migratory properties of compounds 2d and 3a in SW1353 cells, were investigated. In particular, compound 3a exhibited anti-migration behavior in SW1353 cells, with a wound closure rate of 22.25 % compared with control cells. Further, scaffolds 2d and 3a exhibited the best docking with target receptor proteins 2OH4 (-8.3 and -8.4 kcal/mol) and 3QX3 (-12.2 and 11.0 kcal/mol), thereby supporting our bioactivity studies. Compounds 2a, 3a, 3b, and 3c showed high gastrointestinal (GI) absorption, with all except 3a being non-permeable to the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Most compounds, except 3d, are non-substrates of P-glycoprotein (P-gp). In conclusion, the in vitro and in silico results of some of the tested compounds indicate that they could be promising molecular frameworks for further studies.