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Öğe Drought and salinity stresses in barley: Consequences and mitigation strategies(Southern Cross Publishing, 2019) EL Sabagh, Ayman; Hossain, Akbar; Islam, Mohammad Sohidul; Barutçular, Celaleddin; Hussain, Saddam; Hasanuzzaman, Mirza; Akram, Tauseef; Mubeen, Muhammad; Nasim, Wajid; Fahad, Shah; Kumar, Narendra; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Kizilgeçi, Ferhat; Yıldırım, Mehmet; Ratnasekera, Disna; Saneoka, HirofumiRecent trends show reductions in crop productivity worldwide due to severe climatic change. Different abiotic stresses significantly affect the growth and development of plants, leading to decreased crop yields. Salinity and drought stresses are the most common abiotic stresses, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, and are major constraints for barley production. The present review attempts to provide comprehensive information related to barley plant responses and adaptations to drought and salinity stresses, including physiological and agronomic, in order to alleviate the adverse effect of stresses in barley. These stresses reduce assimilation rates, as they decrease stomatal conductance, disrupt photosynthetic pigments, reduce gas exchange, enhance production of reactive oxygen species, and lead to decreased plant growth and productivity. This review focuses on the strategies plants use to respond and adapt to drought and salinity stress. Plants utilize a range of physiological and biochemical mechanisms such as adaptation strategies, through which the adverse effects can be mitigated. These include soil management practices, crop establishment, as well as foliar application of anti-oxidants and growth regulators that maintain an appropriate level of water in the leaves to facilitate adjustment of osmotic and stomatal performance. The present review highlighted the adverse effect of drought and salinity stresses barley and their mitigation strategies for sustainable barley production under changing climate. They review also underscored that exogenous application of different antioxidants could play a significant role in the alleviation of salinity and drought stress in plant systems.Öğe Evaluation agronomic traits of canola (Brassica napus L.) under organic, bio- and chemical fertilizers(Dicle Üniversitesi, 2015) El Sabagh, Ayman; Omar, Abd Elhamid; Saneoka, Hirofoumi; Barutçular, CelaleddinThis study was carried out to evaluate the effect different sources and rates of nitrogen fertilizers on yield traits of canola under Egyptian conditions. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Farm of Faculty of Agriculture, Kafr El-Sheikh University, Egypt during the two successive winter season of 2004/2005 and 2005/2006. The experimental design was a strip - split plot with four replicates, Bio-fertilizer was in horizontal plots: without bio-fertilizer and with bio-fertilizer. Compost was in vertical plots: control, 6, 12 and 18 ton ha-1. Nitrogen was arranged in sub vertical plots: (control, 36, 72 and 108 kg N ha-1). Result revealed that, the bio fertilizer effects on seed yield and yield traits was significant as compare to control. Compost significantly improved yield and yield components of canola and the rate up to 18 ton ha-1 was more effective. Chemical nitrogen significantly improved on yield parameters and the rate of 108 kg ha-1 produced the highest seed yield and yield traits. The findings clearly showed that combined application of bio-fertilizer plus 108 kg N ha-1 adding with 18 ton compost ha-1 has resulted in obtaining highest seed yield and yield components. While, according to the results, bio-fertilizer could be increased the nitrogen uptake efficient and could be helpful with compost rate (<12 ton compost ha-1) or moderated chemical nitrogen (>72 kg N ha-1). So, using bio-fertilizer combined with organic and inorganic nitrogen could be improve seed yield and reducing the need for chemical fertilizers and that will lead to sustainable agricultureÖğe SPAD greenness to estimate genotypic variation in flag leaf chlorophyll in spring wheat under mediterranean conditions(Society of Field Crops Science, 2015) Barutçular, Celaleddin; Toptaş, İrem; Türkten, Hatice; Yıldırım, Mehmet; Koç, MüjdeLeaf chlorophyll (Chl) is emphasized as an indicator for photosynthesis in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). SPAD greenness meters are used to predict extractable Chl, but few studies have evaluated relationships between flag leaf greenness and Chl among wheat genotypes. Sixteen spring wheat genotypes with similar development patterns were studied in eight environments (2 years, 2 irrigation treatments and 2 sowing times) to investigate the precision of the SPAD-502 meter to predict Chl content/concentration. Relationships of Chl with SPAD greenness generally best fit linear and quadratic models. Relationships of SPAD greenness with Chl concentration were weak and inconsistent. Strongest associations were observed with Chla content (highest R2 = 0.71 under late sowing), whereas associations with Chlb content were weak (highest R2 = 0.46) or insignificant. Relationships between SPAD greenness and total Chl content ranged from low (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.054) to moderate (R2 = 0.64, p < 0.001) under rainfed conventional-sowing and late-sowing conditions in the second year, respectively. SPAD greenness can be used to diagnose spring wheat genotypes differing in flag leaf Chla and total Chl content under warm Mediterranean conditions, but may not always applicable in cooler Mediterranean conditions, where genetic variability, especially in Chlb, was not expressed adequately.Öğe Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production under drought and heat stress – adverse effects, mechanisms and mitigation: a review(ALÖKI Applied Ecological Research and Forensic Institute Ltd., 2019) El Sabagh, A.; Hossain, A.; Barutçular, Celaleddin; Islam, M. S; Awan, S. I.; Galal, A.; Iqbal, M. A.; Sytar, O.; Yıldırım, Mehmet; Meena, R. S.; Fahad, S.; Najeeb, U.; Konuşkan, Ömer; Habib, R. A.; Llanes, A.; Hussain, S.; Farooq, M.; Hasanuzzaman, M.; Abdelaal, K. H.; Hafez, Y.; Çığ, Fatih. Heat and drought stresses are the most important abiotic factors that reduce crops productivity by affecting various physiological and biochemical processes. Thus, selecting cultivars with better drought or heat stress tolerance or breeding for stress tolerance will be helpful in enhancing crop productivity under harsh environments. This review elaborates the physiological basis of high temperature and drought stress tolerance in wheat which can be used as selection criteria in wheat breeding program. In addition, some agronomic selection criteria which are valid and useful in selecting stress tolerant wheat species and cultivars. The review also discussed the valid usage of stress tolerance indices (such as mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI), relative productivity (RP%), stress susceptibility index (SSI), and the tolerance index (TOL)) to scan the genotypes against drought and heat stress. Beside these, exogenous application of stress signaling compounds, osmolytes, or certain inorganic salts play a vital role for alleviating adverse effects of abiotic stresses for sustainable wheat production. In addition, applications for soil amendments will also helpful in increasing wheat crop productivity under stressful conditions. All these strategies may be helpful to meet the food demands of the increasing populationÖğe Yazlık Ekmeklik Buğdayların Çimlenme Dönemi Yüksek Sıcaklık ve Kuraklığa Duyarlılığı ve Verimle İlişkisi(2016) Barutçular, Celaleddin; Toptaş, İrem; Kasap, Yusuf; Koç, Müjde; Yıldırım, MehmetBu çalışma, 2011/2012 yetiştirme sezonunda Çukurova (ADN) ve Diyarbakır (DYB) lokasyonlarındanormal ekim (NE) ve geç ekim (GE) yapılarak ve her ekim için yağışa bağlı (YB), sulamalı (SU) koşullardayetiştirilen (NEYB, NESU, GEYB, GESU) 16 yazlık ekmeklik buğday genotiplerinin, laboratuvarkoşullarındaki çimlenme özellikleri ile dane verimi arasındaki ilişkilerin saptaması amacıyla yapılmıştır.Çimlendirme, tam kontrollü koşullarda iki aşamada yürütülmüştür. Birinci aşamada karanlık koşullarda, sabit(20°C) sıcaklıkta, 7. gündeki çimlerde, genotiplerin potansiyel koleoptil uzunluğu (PKU) saptanmış, ikinciaşamada, farklı sıcaklık (20°C ve 30°C) ve su geriliminde (?s=0.0 Mpa ve ?s=-0.6 Mpa) 12 saatgündüz/gece ışık periyodunda çimlenme 7 gün sürdürülmüştür. Çalışmada, sıcaklığa duyarlılık indeksi(SDIADN-SU) ile PKU arasında r= -0.551* düzeyinde önemli ilişki saptanmıştır. Normal ve kurakta çimlenmeoranı ile kuraklığa duyarlılık indeksi (KDIADN-NE) arasında sırası ile r=-0.520* ve r=-0.568*, sıcakta çimlenmeoranı ile KDIDYB-GEve SDIDYB-SUarasında sırası ile r= 0.523* ve r= 0.564*, sıcakta sürgün uzunluğu ileKDIDYB-NEve SDIDYB-SUarasında sırası ile r= 0.611* ve r= 0.618*, sıcakta kök ağırlığı ile KDIADN-NEveKDIADN-GEarasında sırası ile r= 0.516* ve r= -0.509* ve yine sıcakta kök ağırlığı ile SDIDYB-YBve SDIDYBSUarasında sırası ile r= -0.525* ve r= -0.515* düzeyinde önemli ilişkiler saptanmıştır.
