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    Evaluation of the Bond Strength of Different Pulp Capping Materials to Dental Adhesive Systems: An In Vitro Study
    (Sage Publications India Pvt Ltd, 2021) Akbiyik, Sema Yazici; Bakir, Elif Pinar; Bakir, Seyhmus
    Aim: To evaluate the bond strengths of pulp capping materials (Dycal, ProRoot MTA, Biodentine, TheraCal LC, Calcimol LC, and ApaCal ART) and different adhesive systems (Gluma 2 Bond, Clearfil SE Protect, Gluma Self Etch, Clearfil S-3 Bond Plus, Gluma Bond Universal, Clearfil S-3 Bond Universal). Materials and Methods: Two hundred fifty-two acrylic blocks were prepared in which cylindrical cavities of 4 x 2 mm(3) were formed. Pulp capping materials were placed in the cavities. Different adhesive systems were applied to each pulp capping material group. After applying the composite resin, the shear bond strength (SBS) values of the specimens were determined in the Instron test device. Fracture types were evaluated using a stereomicroscope and a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk's and Kruskal-Wallis H test. Results: There is a statistically significant difference between pulp capping materials in terms of SBS values (P < .05). Dycal's SBS was found significantly lower than other materials, and the highest bond strength was observed in Calcimol LC material. Although there is no statistically significant difference (P > .05) between the adhesive agent groups in terms of SBS, Gluma 2 Bond showed the highest bond strength value. Conclusion: In traditional pulp capping materials such as Dycal, MTA, and Biodentine, using a two-step self-etch adhesive system can result in higher bond strength values. In resin-based TheraCal LC,, ApaCal ART, and Calcimol LC materials, it may be recommended to use a two-step etch and rinse adhesive system.
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    Evaluation of the Bond Strength of Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Enhanced with Bioactive Glass to Composite Resin with Different Dental Adhesive Systems
    (Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2021) Bakir, Seyhmus; Bakir, Elif Pinar; Akbiyik, Sema Yazici
    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the bond strength of resin-modified glass ionomer enhanced with bioactive glass (Activa BioActive-Base/Liner) to composite resin using different dental adhesive systems. STUDY DESIGN: In this study, Activa BioActive-Base/Liner (ABA/BL) was placed in cylindrical cavities formed in acrylic blocks. In blocks divided into 6 groups according to the adhesive system to be applied, two-step etch-and-rinse Gluma 2 Bond (Heraeus Kulzer, Germany), one-step self-etch Gluma Self Etch (Heraeus Kulzer), universal system Gluma Universal (Heraeus Kulzer), two-step self-etch Clearfil SE Protect (Kuraray, Japan), one-step self-etch Clearfil S-3 Bond Plus (Kuraray), and universal system Clearfil S-3 Bond Universal (Kuraray) adhesive systems were applied on ABA/BL. After composite resin (3M ESPE Filtek Ultimate) was applied to the prepared surfaces, the specimens were placed in a universal test device and shear bond strength test was determined. Fracture types were evaluated using a stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed by Shapiro-Wilk, two-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, and Post-Hoc Multiple Comparisons tests. RESULTS: In terms of bond strength values, the highest bond value was seen in the two-step self-etch (Clearfil SE Protect) group, and the lowest bond strength value was seen in the universal system (Clearfil S-3 Bond Universal) group. There was no statistically significant difference between the adhesive agent groups in terms of bond strength values (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: It is thought that choosing the two-step self-etch technique as an adhesive system when resin-modified glass ionomer enhanced with bioactive glass (ABA/BL) is used as the pulp capping/base material will be more appropriate in terms of bond strength.
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    Evaluation of the Effect of Current Herbal Remineralization Agents on Enamel Using Different Methods
    (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry, 2024) Ayaz, Simge Gumus; Bakir, Elif Pinar; Bakir, Seyhmus
    Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to quantitatively evaluate the remineralization capacity of natural medicaments such as ginger, grape seed extract and rosemary, and materials containing casein and hydroxyapatite of initial caries lesions in vitro. Materials and Methods: 42 enamel samples obtained from human teeth; were divided into six group as; Group-I (10% Casein Phosphopeptide Amorphous Calcium Phosphate [CPP-ACP], GC Tooth Mousse, Group-II (Rosemary Oil), Group-III (ginger+honey), Group-IV (ginger+honey+cocoa), Group-V (grape seed extract) and Group-VI (control group; remineralization solution). After enamel samples were kept in demineralization solution for 72 hours to create initial caries lesion, grouped remineralization agents were applied to enamel samples with caries lesion during the six-day pH cycle. Measurements were made using surface microhardness and DIAGNOdent at three different stages. The data obtained in the research were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. The results were evaluated at the p<0.05 significance level. Results: In surface microhardness measurements, all test materials showed significantly more remineralization than fluoride tooth cream, and grape seed extract was found to be the most successful group (p≤0.05). When all groups were compared with the positive control group, there were significant statistical differences between the groups (p≤0.05). The remineralization capacities of the groups whose activities were examined; grape seed extract> ginger+honey+cocoa>ginger+honey> rosemary oil > GC tooth mousse. Conclusions: It is thought that rosemary, ginger + honey + cocoa, grape seed extract materials can be used for remineralization in these working conditions where the initial caries lesions can be remineralized after six days. © (2024), (Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Dentistry). All rights reserved.
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    Qualitative and Quantitative Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Five Different One-Step Self-Etching Adhesives
    (Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2018) Yildirim, Zehra Susgun; Bakir, Seyhmus; Bakir, Elif Pinar; Foto, Egemen
    Purpose: To qualitatively and quantitatively compare the cytotoxic potentials of five different one-step self-etching adhesives: Prime& Bond One-Select (PB-OS), Optibond All-in-One (OB-AIO), G-Bond (GB), Clearfil Universal Bond (CUB), Single Bond Universal (SBU). Materials and Methods: During the first stage of the study, the cytotoxic activities of the test materials were evaluated qualitatively using the direct contact method. In this method, the test materials were placed directly into a monkey kidney epithelial cell culture medium. Reaction zones which occurred in the culture medium were evaluated, in addition to the density and changes in the morphology of the cells. During the second stage, the cytotoxic potential of four different dilutions (1%, 0.1%, 0.01%, 0.001%) of the test materials on L929 rat fibroblast cells was quantitatively evaluated at three different time periods (24 h, 48 h, 72 h) with the MTT tetrazolium-based assay. Results: In the first stage, a zone exceeding 1 cm was observed around or below SBU, CUB, GB and OB-AIO. In PBOS, the zone borders were approximately 1 cm. In the second stage after the MTT assay, CUB was the most cytotoxic after 24 h, GB and SBU after 48 h, and OB-AIO after 72 h. Conclusion: All adhesives tested showed different degrees of cytotoxicity, which statistically significantly increased with dose. Changes were seen related to time.