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    The Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester and Ellagic Acid on the Levels of Malondialdehyde, Reduced Glutathione and Nitric Oxide in the Lung, Liver and Kidney Tissues in Acute Diazinon Toxicity in Rats
    (Medwell Online, 2011) Alp, Harun; Aytekin, Ismail; Atakisi, Onur; Hatipoglu, Namik Kemal; Basarali, Kemal; Ogun, Metin; Buyukbas, Sadik
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester (CAPE) and Ellagic Acid (EA) on acitivities of Malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and Nitric Oxide (NO) in rat lung, liver and kidney tissues in acute Diazinon (DI) toxicity. Six groups of 6 Sprague Dawley rats were used comprising control, CAPE, EA, DI control, DI+CAPE and DI+EA. Tissue samples were analysed for GSH, MDA and NO levels in lung, liver and kidney tissues. Biochemical parameters were measured colormetrically by spectrophotometer. Control, CAPE and EA groups showed no statistically significant difference whereas DI+medication groups revealed that CAPE and EA increased the level of GSH in liver tissue by blocking the DI effect. NO levels in lung, liver and kidney tissues were significantly increased by DI but CAPE and EA attenuated those levels. In DI+medication groups, MDA levels showed no significant change in kidney and liver tissues but in lung tissues, CAPE and EA reduced the MDA level by blocking the DI effect. It was concluded that CAPE and EA which showed similar effects to each other could be used for protection and support against oxidative stress caused by acute DI intoxication.
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    Effects of Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester, Ellagic Acid, Sulforaphane and Curcumin on Diazinon Induced Damage to the Lungs, Liver and Kidneys in An Acute Toxicity Rat Model
    (Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Alp, Harun; Aytekin, Ismail; Esen, Hasan; Basarali, Kemal; Kul, Seval
    The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), ellagic acid (EA), sulforaphane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR) against the toxic effects of diazinon (DI). Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. Five groups were allocated as control groups comprising unmedicated control, CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR control groups. The remaining five groups were the study groups comprising DI, DI + CAPE, DI + EA, DI + SFN, and DI + CUR groups. The animals were sacrified 24 h after drug administrations. DI caused a decrease in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity (P<0.05) and increases in gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and amylase activities. It also damaged the kidney, liver, and lung tissues. The negative effects of DI on these enzymes were confirmed histopathologically. Also, CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR reduced amylase and GGT activities and caused an increase in the AChE activities that were increased due to the toxic effects of DI. Thus, it was determined biochemically and histopathologically that these medication reduced the degenerative toxic effects created by DI in the lung, liver and kidney tissues. These findings led us to believe that CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR may be used as protective medicines in acute DI intoxication.
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    Effects of Sildenafil Citrate, Isoniazid, and Streptomycin on Testicular Tissue and Epididymal Semen Quality in Rats
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2012) Alp, Harun; Cirit, Umut; Tas, Muzaffer; Rifaioglu, Murat Mehmet; Hatipoglu, Namik Kemal; Aytekin, Ismail; Yucel, Mehmet
    OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of isoniazid (INH) and streptomycin (STR) on epididymal semen quality and testicular tissue, and to evaluate the protective effect of sildenafil citrate (SC) on possible testicular toxicity induced by STR and INH in rats. METHODS Eighty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided randomly into 8 groups including control, SC, INH, STR, STR + INH, SC + INH, SC + STR, and SC + INH + STR. After 45 days of treatment, the reproductive organ weights, epididymal semen quality, testicular histopathological findings, levels of serum nitric oxide, testosterone, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) were investigated. RESULTS SC significantly increased the epididymal sperm motility and concentration, and the levels of FSH, LH, and testosterone. The STR group had a significantly higher percentage of sperm head defect than the control group (P < .05). The INH group had lower Johnsen Testicular Biopsy Score than the control group (P < .001). Although SC and INH treatment alone did not affect the epididymal semen quality negatively, the SC + INH group had significantly higher spermatozoon tail and total morphologic defect ratios than the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION It has been concluded from this study that (1) SC has positive effects on spermatogenesis, sperm production, and semen quality; (2) STR affected the testicular biopsy score and spermatozoon head morphology negatively, but positively affected the other spermatologic traits; (3) INH did not effect the epididymal semen quality negatively, but decreased testicular biopsy score; and (4) SC can prevent the spermatozoon head defects induced by STR and can decrease the testicular toxicity induced by INH. UROLOGY 80: 953.e9-953.e14, 2012. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc.
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    The Treatment of Cattles with Dermatofitozis Via Enilconazole
    (Medwell Online, 2009) Aytekin, Ismail; Alp, Harun; Mamak, Nuri; Aslan, Savas
    Study material consisted as 15 experiment and 8 control, totally 23 cattle that possessed by 2 breeders and together housed in Afyonkarahisar province, Suhut district, Kilickaya village; despite vaccine used two times for medicinal purpose displaying no recovery; aged at between 3 and 12 months, diagnosed as dermatofitosis by clinically and microbiological. Being clinical for dermatofitosis the animals in experiment and control groups were examined if there were lesions on the head and derm or not and was categorized as light, bland and acute according to its frequency. The clinical status were examined according to the localization, amplitude and number of lesions. During the study any change was done in condition of animal care, nutrition and shelter. The experiment group was made up 15 cattle; two of them were examined as light, five of them were examined as bland and eight of them were examined as acute and the control group was made up 8 cattle; one of them was examined as light, third of them were examined as bland, fourth of them were examined as acute. Ten percent Enilconazole solution was applied in 4 mg kg(-1) dose three days apart as externally to the animals in experiment group. The first application to entire body of the animal and the subsequent 4 applications were done externally in the style of spray to the parts where the dermatofitosis lesions were appeared. The cattle in the control group weren't applied any therapy. Following the drug administration, in second and fourth weeks a decrease in the keratinized tissues and becoming pilosity were observed in the lesional parts in all experiment group animals. It was seen in the 6th week that keratinized tissues completely decreased, pilosity became dense and the healing was faster. It was determined in the 8th week that lesions recovered completely. It was seen that when any application was made to the control groups animal there were no change in dermatofitosis lesions. As a result, it was of the opinion that owing to easy using, being curative in a short time and being economic of the 10% enilconazole solution was a useful and an alternative medicine for the dermatofitosis therapy in the cattle.