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    Circulating mineral element concentrations in Sakiz crossbred lambs with pica disorder
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2010) Aytekin, I.; Onmaz, A. C.; Kalinbacak, A.; Aypak, S. U.; Alp, H.
    The aims of this study were to determine the serum calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, cupper, zinc and iron concentrations in lambs with pica disorder, and to evaluate the efficiency of mineral preparation as treatment. The study was performed on 25 Sakiz crossbred lambs, 1-2 months old, whose 15 lambs exhibiting clinical signs for pica (soil eating, surface licking, wool-eating, weight loss, development retardation and a strong desire to eat non-food objects) and 10 were apparently healthy. Blood samples were taken for measuring serum concentrations of minerals and trace elements 5 days before and after treatment with a vitamin-mineral combination (Kalmina (R) VIL-SAN, 0.3 ml/kg, IV). Whereas serum Ca, Mg, P, Cu and Zn concentrations did not significantly differ between affected and healthy lambs, it was observed a marked decrease of iron concentration (P < 0.05) in all animals with pica. After Kalmina (R) injection, clinical signs of pica totally disappeared in 67% of diseased lambs (10/15) and a significant increase of P concentrations compared to initial values (P < 0.05) was observed associated with slight and not significant increases of serum Cu and Zn concentrations. The sideremia was also significantly enhanced (P < 0.05) but remained below control values, particularly in the 5 lambs which still presented an abnormal behaviour. Consequently, it was concluded that iron deficiency may play an important role for the aetiology of pica and the mineral element supplementation could be beneficial for the treatment of lambs with pica.
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    Effects of 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on blood anti-oxidant oxidant balance and on tissues in lambs
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2010) Aytekin, I.; Onmaz, A. C.; Alp, H.; Ulucan, A.
    In this study, the effects of the common herbicide 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on blood antioxidant / oxidant status and on various organs were investigated in Sakiz crossbred lambs. For that, 6 lambs were poisoned accidentally with the herbicide whereas 6 other healthy animals served as negative controls and plasma MDA and GSH concentrations as well as serum ascorbate, retinol and beta-carotene concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry two days later. In parallel, conventional histological analysis was performed on lungs, liver, kidney and heart front a lamb dead after 2,4-D exposure. Blood antioxidant/oxidant balance was altered due to a significant increase of MDA concentrations coupled to a significant decrease of GSH concentrations in intoxicated lambs compared to controls. Congestive lesions and some haemorrhages were evidenced in lungs and kidneys and cell degeneration associated with lymphocyte infiltrate were observed in liver, kidneys and in heart. These results highly suggest that the herbicide 2.4-D induces an oxidative stress leading to cell destructions and tissue injury.
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    Effects of accidental ammonium Sulphate poisoning on antioxidant/oxidant status in lambs
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2011) Aytekin, I.; Onmaz, A. C.; Ulucan, A.; Alp, H.
    In this study, the effects of the ammonium sulphate intoxication on the blood antioxidant /oxidant status were investigated in Sakiz crossbred lambs. For that, circulating blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), beta-carotene, retinol and ceruloplasmin concentrations were measured in 6 lambs accidentally poisoned with ammonium sulphate and in 6 healthy control lambs. Oral treatment with 10% glutamic acid (1g/kg), 2.5% acetic acid (2.5 mL/kg) and vitamin A (400 IU/kg) was daily administered to diseased animals for five days. Poisoned lambs exhibited neurological signs (sleepiness, ataxia, tonic and clonic spasms) coupled to a rumen atony and acceleration of heart and respiratory rates compared to healthy controls. Biochemically, the circulating MDA, NO and BUN concentrations were markedly increased and the GSH, beta-carotene and vitamin A concentrations were significantly depressed compared to healthy controls whereas the ceruloplasmin concentrations were not significantly altered. After treatment, clinical and biochemical signs were significantly alleviated but, however 2 lambs died. For them, the histopathological examinations after haematoxylin-eosin staining revealed cell degeneration in liver, lungs and kidney associated to mononuclear cell infiltrates and proliferation of Kiipffer cells. These results clearly showed the occurrence of an oxidative stress induced by ammonium sulphate poisoning leading to cell damage and proved the efficiency of a treatment based on organic acids and retinol supplementation.
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    Effects of sulforophane and curcumin on oxidative stress created by acute malathion toxicity in rats
    (Verduci Publisher, 2012) Alp, H.; Aytekin, I.; Hatipoglu, N. K.; Alp, A.; Ogun, M.
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES, Organophosphate insecticides (OPIs) are widely used in agriculture and horticulture for controlling insects in crops, ornamentals, lawns, fruits, and vegetables. But, there have not yet any study about effects of sulforophane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR) on the oxidative stress created by acute toxic effects of malathion (MAL) as an OPI often causing human and animal poisoning. AIM, The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of SFN and CUR on the oxidative stress created in the lung, liver, and kidney tissues of rats by acute MAL toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS, Thirty-six mature Sprague Dawley rats weighing 200-250 g were used. The rats were randomly divided into six groups: unmedicated control, SFN, CUR, MAL control, MAL + SFN, and MAL + CUR. Tissue samples were analyzed for glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitric oxide (NO) levels in the lung, liver, and kidney tissues. Biochemical parameters were measured colorimetrically by using a spectrophotometer. RESULTS, No statistically significantly difference was found when comparing the unmedicated control, SFN, and CUR groups. MAL significantly increased MDA levels in the liver and kidney tissues, but SFN and CUR these levels. MAL did significantly reduce the GSH levels, but SFN and CUR increased these levels by blocking the MAL effect in the liver tissues. Also, MAL significantly increased the NO levels, depending on the severity of the tissue damage, and SFN and CUR attenuated to NO levels and remained under the effect of MAL. CONCLUSIONS, SFN and CUR, which showed similar effects, could be used to protect against the oxidative stress caused by acute malathion intoxication.
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    Protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester, ellagic acid, sulforaphan and curcuma on malathion induced damage in lungs, liver and kidneys in an acute toxicity rat model
    (Ecole Nationale Veterinaire Toulouse, 2011) Alp, H.; Aytekin, I.; Esen, H.; Alp, A.; Buyukbas, S.; Basarali, K.; Hatipoglu, N. K.
    The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), ellagic acid (EA), sulforaphan (SFN) and curcuma (CUR) against acute malathion (MAL) poisoning in rats. For that, 60 female adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 equal groups according to the treatment: whereas one group served as unmedicated control and another was intoxicated with malathion (200 mg/kg, per ox) and served as positive control, rats from the other groups were treated with each of the four antioxidants (CAPE: 10 mu mol/kg, intraperitoneally, EA: 85 mg/kg, per ox, SFN: 0.5 mg/kg, per os and CUR: 1 g/kg, per os) alone or in combination with malathion. One day later, serum AChE (acetylcholinesterase), amylase and GGT (gamma-glutamyltransferase) activities were determined and a histopathological evaluation was performed on lungs, kidneys and liver. In MAL-intoxicated rats, the AChE activity was markedly depleted whereas the GOT and amylase activities were significantly increased compared to the unmedicated controls. In parallel, severe and extended inflammatory and degenerative cell lesions were evidenced in liver, kidneys and lungs. By contrast, changes in the serum enzyme activities were greatly attenuated and the organ damage was also markedly reduced but not completely abrogated when an antioxidant cotreatment has been instituted. In addition, CUR appeared as the more efficient for hindering biochemical and histopathological alterations induced by malathion. These results show the protective effects of CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR on acute malathion poisoning in rats.