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Öğe DISSECT: an assignment-free Bayesian discovery method for species delimitation under the multispecies coalescent(Oxford Univ Press, 2015) Jones, Graham; Aydin, Zeynep; Oxelman, BengtMotivation: The multispecies coalescent model provides a formal framework for the assignment of individual organisms to species, where the species are modeled as the branches of the sp tree. None of the available approaches so far have simultaneously co-estimated all the relevant parameters in the model, without restricting the parameter space by requiring a guide tree and/or prior assignment of individuals to clusters or species. Results: We present DISSECT, which explores the full space of possible clusterings of individuals and species tree topologies in a Bayesian framework. It uses an approximation to avoid the need for reversible-jump Markov Chain Monte Carlo, in the form of a prior that is a modification of the birth-death prior for the species tree. It incorporates a spike near zero in the density for node heights. The model has two extra parameters: one controls the degree of approximation and the second controls the prior distribution on the numbers of species. It is implemented as part of BEAST and requires only a few changes from a standard *BEAST analysis. The method is evaluated on simulated data and demonstrated on an empirical dataset. The method is shown to be insensitive to the degree of approximation, but quite sensitive to the second parameter, suggesting that large numbers of sequences are needed to draw firm conclusions.Öğe An Investigation of Teachers' Beliefs about Learning(Fac Teacher Education, 2014) Bay, Erdal; Ilhan, Mustafa; Aydin, Zeynep; Kinay, Ismail; Yigit, Celal; Kahramanoglu, Recep; Kuzu, SekvanThe aim of this study was to investigate teachers' beliefs about learning. So, we investigated the level of teachers' beliefs about the traditional and constructivist approach (cognitive, social and radical). Further, it was questioned how teachers developed qualifications needed for the constructivist approach. The study was conducted on 233 teachers working in the city centre of Gaziantep in Turkey during 2011-2012 school year. Beliefs about Learning Scale, developed by the researchers, was used for data collection. The results revealed that the teachers adopted the constructivist approach at a higher level than the traditional approach. Speaking about the constructivist approach dimensions, the teachers adopted the social constructivist approach at a higher level than cognitive and radical constructivist approaches. According to the gender variable, the extent to which the female teachers adopted the constructivist approach was higher in comparison with the male teachers. Moreover, it was found that the level of classroom teachers' beliefs about the traditional approach was higher than that of subject teachers' beliefs according to seniority. Another finding was that the increase in seniority increased the teachers' beliefs about the traditional approach. The findings indicated that the teachers adopted qualifications for the constructivist approach mostly during their undergraduate and post-graduate education.Öğe A new section of Silene (Caryophyllaceae) including a new species from South Anatolia, Turkey(Magnolia Press, 2014) Aydin, Zeynep; Ertekin, Alaattin Selcuk; Langstrom, Elisabeth; Oxelman, BengtSilene section Cryptoneurae (Caryophyllaceae) and S. ertekinii from Western Antalya, Turkey, are described as new taxa on the basis of morphological and molecular investigations. Nuclear ITS and chloroplast rps16 DNA sequences clearly support the recognition of the new section. Inclusiveness and characterization of the new section is discussed and described, and a key for the included species is provided. Diagnostic characters of the new species S. ertekinii are given and its relation to the other species of the section is discussed.
