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Öğe The bioactive peptides salusins and apelin-36 are produced in human arterial and venous tissues and the changes of their levels during cardiopulmonary bypass(Elsevier Science Inc, 2012) Aydin, Suna; Eren, Mehmet Nesimi; Aydin, Suleyman; Ozercan, Ibrahim Hanefi; Dagli, Adile FerdaThis study aimed to examine the effects of CPB on salusin-alpha, salusin-beta and apelin-36 bioactive peptides in people who are planned to undergo coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation due to coronary artery disease and to explore whether these peptides are produced in human aortic, saphenous and arterial tissues. The study included age and BMI matched 15 patients who underwent CABG operation by CPB. In order to determine salusin-alpha, salusin-beta and apelin-36 levels, venous blood samples were collected before induction of anesthesia (T1), before CPB (T2), 5 min before the removal of cross-clamp (T3), 5 min after the removal of cross-clamp (14), upon arrival in the intensive care (15), at postoperative 24th hour (16) and 72nd hour (T7). Salusin and apelin expressions of the tissues were shown by immunohistochemical method. Peptide amounts of sera and tissues were measured using ELISA. Salusins production by vessels occurs in fibroblast cells of the media in the aorta and smooth muscle cells of the media in the LIMA and saphena. Apelin is produced by endothelial cells of the intima and fibroblast cells of the media in the aorta and by smooth muscle cells of the media in the LIMA and saphena. Changes in the levels of salusin-beta and apelin-36 were significant during CPB. Salusin-alpha, salusin-beta and apelin-36 are locally synthesized in the arteries and veins. Salusins and apelin-36 might be important markers in the CPB, and also that salusin-beta was more specific in comparison to salusin-alpha. (C) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Cardiac, skeletal muscle and serum irisin responses to with or without water exercise in young and old male rats: Cardiac muscle produces more irisin than skeletal muscle(Elsevier Science Inc, 2014) Aydin, Suna; Kuloglu, Tuncay; Aydin, Suleyman; Eren, Mehmet Nesimi; Celik, Ahmet; Yilmaz, Musa; Kalayci, MehmetIrisin converts white adipose tissue (WAT) into brown adipose tissue (BAT), as regulated by energy expenditure. The relationship between irisin concentrations after exercise in rats compared humans after exercise remains controversial. We therefore: (1) measured irisin expression in cardiac and skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, peripheral nerve sheath and skin tissues, as also serum irisin level in 10 week-old rats without exercise, and (2) measured tissue supernatant irisin levels in cardiac and skeletal muscle, and in response to exercise in young and old rats to establishing which tissues produced most irisin. Young (12 months) and old rats (24 months) with or without 10min exercise (water floating) and healthy 10 week-old Sprague-Dawley rats without exercise were used. Irisin was absent from sections of skeletal muscle of unexercised rats, the only part being stained being the perimysium. In contrast, cardiac muscle tissue, peripheral myelin sheath, liver, kidneys, and skin dermis and hypodermis were strongly immunoreactivity. No irisin was seen in skeletal muscle of unexercised young and old rats, but a slight amount was detected after exercise. Strong immunoreactivity occurred in cardiac muscle of young and old rats with or without exercise, notably in pericardial connective tissue. Serum irisin increased after exercise, being higher in younger than older rats. Irisin in tissue supernatants (cardiac and skeletal muscle) was high with or without exercise. High supernatant irisin could come from connective tissues around skeletal muscle, especially nerve sheaths located within it. Skeletal muscle is probably not a main irisin source. Copyright (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The cardiovascular system and the biochemistry of grafts used in heart surgery(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2013) Aydin, Suna; Aydin, Suleyman; Eren, Mehmet Nesimi; Sahin, Ibrahim; Yilmaz, Musa; Kalayci, Mehmet; Gungor, OrhanBlood is pumped into the cardiac muscle through arteries called the coronary arteries. Over time, the accumulation of cholesterol, coagulation factors, and cells on the walls of these arteries causes the walls to thicken and lose their elasticity, resulting in the development of atherosclerosis. When the blood supply of the heart is diminished by atherosclerosis, it can be restored by bypass surgery, in which atherosclerosis-free vein and/ or artery grafts taken from another area of the body are used to replace the atherosclerotic vessels. These biological grafts used in surgery differ in biochemical composition and long-term patency. Although the great saphenous vein (GSV) has been the most popular graft material in revascularization for years, it has recently been superseded by the internal mammarian artery (IMA), which has a lower incidence of recurrence of atherosclerosis. The aim of the present review is briefly to address the structure of the cardiovascular system and blood vessels, and then, in the light recent data, to present the biochemical compositions and individual advantages of the graft materials used to restore an impaired blood supply to the heart.Öğe Changes in serum desnutrin levels in patients with acne vulgaris(John Libbey Eurotext Ltd, 2014) Demir, Betul; Ucak, Haydar; Cicek, Demet; Aydin, Suleyman; Erden, Filter; Dertlioglu, Selma BakarBackground: Androgens and insulin may contribute to increased sebum production in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris. Objective: We investigated the association between serum desnutrin levels and acne vulgaris in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. Material and methods: 25 patients presenting with acne vulgaris and 25 control subjects participated in this study. Fasting blood glucose, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, HDL, total cholesterol, insulin, C-peptide and thyroid function tests were measured. The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) was used to calculate insulin resistance. Desnutrin levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) according to the manufacturer's protocol. Results: Patients with acne vulgaris had a mean serum desnutrin level of (8.83 +/- 1.13 mu IU/mL), which was statistically significantly lower in the control group (10:58 +/- 3.43 mu IU/mL). In patients with acne vulgaris the serum glucose levels, insulin levels and HOMA-IR values (87.92 +/- 7:46 mg/dL, 11.33 +/- 5.93 mu IU/mL, 2.49 +/- 1.40, respectively) were significantly higher than the control group (77.36 +/- 9.83 mg/dL, 5.82 +/- 2.68 mu IU/mL, 1.11 +/- 0.51, respectively) (p = 0.01, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Full cohort (patients and controls) evaluation revealed a negative correlation between the serum glucose and desnutrin levels (r = -0.31, p<0.05). A positive correlation was found between insulin and desnutrin levels (r = 0.42, p<0.001). In patients with acne vulgaris, as a result of increased levels of serum glucose and insulin, the function of desnutrin was suppressed, perhaps contributing to insulin resistance.Öğe Decreased saliva/serum irisin concentrations in the acute myocardial infarction promising for being a new candidate biomarker for diagnosis of this pathology(Elsevier Science Inc, 2014) Aydin, Suna; Aydin, Suleyman; Kobat, Mehmet Ali; Kalayci, Mehmet; Eren, Mehmet Nesimi; Yilmaz, Musa; Kuloglu, TuncayIrisin is a muscle-secreted protein. Cardiac muscle produces more irisin than skeletal muscle in response to acute exercise, and is associated with myocardial infarction (MI) in an experimental model induced by isoproterenol in rats. The timing and significance of its release in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) needs further investigation. We have studied the relationship between serum/saliva irisin concentration and AMI in humans. Serum and saliva samples were taken within 3 days of admission in 11 patients with AMI and in 14 matched controls. Salivary gland irisin was detected immunohistochemically, and serum and saliva levels were measured by ELISA. The three major paired salivary glands (submandibular, sublingual and parotid) produce and release irisin into saliva. Troponin-I, CK, CK-MB concentrations in the AMI group gradually increased from up to 12 h, while saliva and serum irisin gradually decreased from up to 48 h, compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After 12 h, troponin-I, CK, CK-MB started to decrease, while saliva and serum irisin started to increase at 72 h. Serum irisin levels correlated with age, while troponin I, CK-MB, and CK were correlated and with saliva irisin in AMI patients. Besides cardiac troponin and CK-MB, irisin adds new diagnostic information in AMI patients, and the gradual decrease of saliva/serum irisin over 48 h could be a useful biomarker. (c) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe The effect of iloprost and sildenafil, alone and in combination, on myocardial ischaemia and nitric oxide and irisin levels(Clinics Cardive Publ Pty Ltd, 2017) Aydin, Suna; Kuloglu, Tuncay; Aydin, Suleyman; Yardim, Meltem; Azboy, Davut; Temizturk, Zeki; Kalkan, Ali KemalAim: Insufficient oxygen supply to organs and tissues due to reduced arterial or venous blood flow results in ischaemia, during which, although ATP production stops, AMP and adenosine continue to be produced from ATP. The fate of irisin, which causes the production of heat instead of ATP during ischaemia, is unknown. Iloprost and sildenafil are two pharmaceutical agents that mediate the resumption of reperfusion (blood supply) via vasodilatation during ischaemic conditions. Our study aimed to explore the effects of iloprost and sildenafil on irisin levels in the heart, liver and kidney tissues and whether these pharmaceutical agents had any impact on serum irisin and nitric oxide levels in rats with induced experimental myocardial ischaemia. Methods: The study included adult male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 10 months and weighing between 250 and 280 g. The animals were randomly allocated to eight groups, with five rats in each group. The groups were: sham (control), ioprost (ILO), sildenafil (SIL), ILO + SIL, myocardial ischaernia (MI), MI + ILO, MI + SIL and MI + ILO + SIL. The treatment protocols were implemented before inducing ischaemia, which was done by occluding the left coronary artery with a plastic ligature for 30 minutes. Following the reperfusion procedure, all rats were sacrificed after 24 hours, and their heart, liver and kidney tissues and blood samples were collected for analyses. An immunohistochemical method was used to measure the change in irisin levels, the ELISA method to quantify blood irisin levels, and Griess' assay to determine nitric oxide (NO) levels in the serum and tissue. Myocardial ischaemia was confirmed based on the results of Masson's trichrome staining, as well as levels of troponin and creatine kinase MB. Results: Irisin levels in biological tissue and serum dropped statistically significantly in the ischaemic group (MI), but were restored with ILO and SIL administration. Individual SIL administration was more potently restorative than individual ILO administration or the combined administration of the two agents. NO level, on the other hand, showed the opposite tendency, reaching the highest level in the MI group, and falling with the use of pharmaceutical agents. Conclusions: Individual or combined administration of ILO and SIL reduced myocardial ischaemia and NO levels, and increased irisin levels. Elevated levels of irisin obtained by drug administration could possibly contribute to accelerated wound recovery by local heat production. Sildenafil was more effective than iloprost in eliminating ischaemia and may be the first choice in offsetting the effects of ischaemia in the future.Öğe Elevated adropin: A candidate diagnostic marker for myocardial infarction in conjunction with troponin-I(Elsevier Science Inc, 2014) Aydin, Suna; Kuloglu, Tuncay; Aydin, Suleyman; Kalayci, Mehmet; Yilmaz, Musa; Cakmak, Tolga; Eren, Mehmet NesimiMyocardial infarction (MI; heart attack) can cause injury to or death of heart muscle tissue (myocardium) owing to prolonged ischemia and hypoxia. Troponins and CK-MB are released from heart muscle cells during MI. It has been demonstrated that energy expenditure is regulated by adropin expressed in the endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium. We hypothesized that adropin is released into the bloodstream during myocardial muscle injury caused by MI, so the serum level rises as myocytes die. Therefore, we examined the association between adropin expression and myocardial infarction in isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction. Rats were randomly allocated to six groups. After treatment they were decapitated and their blood and tissues were collected for adropin measurement. Changes in adropin synthesis in rat heart, kidney and liver tissues in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced MI were demonstrated immunohistochemically. Serum adropin concentrations were measured by ELISA, and troponin-I, CK and CK-MB concentrations by autoanalysis. The results demonstrated that cardiac muscle cells, glomerular, peritubular and renal cortical interstitial cells, hepatocytes and liver sinusoidal cells all synthesize adropin, and synthesis increased 1-24 h after MI except in the liver cells. The findings elucidate the pathogenesis of MI, and the gradual increase in serum adropin could be a novel diagnostic marker and serve as an alternative to troponin-I measurement for diagnosing MI. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Examination of the tissue ghrelin expression of rats with diet-induced obesity using radioimmunoassay and immunohistochemical methods(Springer, 2012) Aydin, Suleyman; Sahin, Ibrahim; Ozkan, Yusuf; Dag, Ersel; Gunay, Ahmet; Guzel, Saadet Pilten; Catak, ZekiyeCurrently, obesity is an important health problem in all countries, both developed and developing. Dietary habits and neurohormonal imbalances play a critical role in obesity. Circulating amounts of ghrelin, which is a neurohormonal hormone, decrease with obesity and increase with weight loss. Although it is known that both mRNA and peptide version of the ghrelin hormone are expressed in almost all tissues of both humans and animals, it is not known how obesity changes the expression of this hormone in the tissues, with the exception of the gastrointestinal system tissues. Therefore, the objective of the present study is to show how diet-induced obesity in rats changes ghrelin expression in all system tissues, and thus, to shed light on the etiopathology of obesity. The study included 12 male and 12 female 2-month-old Wistar albino species rats. The animals in the control group were fed on standard rat pellet, while those in the experiment group were fed ad libitum on a cafeteria-style diet for 2 months. When their body mass index reached 1 g/cm(2), diet-induced obese (DIO) rats were sacrificed in a sterile environment after one night fasting. Ghrelin localizations in the tissues were studied immunohistochemically using avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex (ABC) method, while tissue ghrelin amounts were analyzed using radioimmunoassay (RIA) method. When the ghrelin amounts in the urogenital system (with the exception of kidney tissues), sensory organs, respiratory system, immune system, skeletal muscle system, cardiovascular system, nervous system, and adipose tissue of rats analyzed by RIA method were compared to those in the control group, tissue ghrelin amounts in the DIO group were found lower. Immunohistochemical findings which showed a similar fall in ghrelin concentrations in the tissues were parallel to RIA results. In addition, ghrelin was shown to be synthesized in the cardiovascular system, heart muscle cells, tails of the sperms, hair follicles, lacrimal glands, tongue, and teeth of rats for the first time in this study and ghrelin syntheses in these tissues were found to decrease in obesity. Nutritional obesity is among the most common causes of obesity and the findings we have obtained through diet-induced obesity will contribute to the illumination of the etiopathology of obesity.Öğe Expression of adropin in rat brain, cerebellum, kidneys, heart, liver, and pancreas in streptozotocin-induced diabetes(Springer, 2013) Aydin, Suleyman; Kuloglu, Tuncay; Aydin, Suna; Eren, Mehmet Nesimi; Yilmaz, Musa; Kalayci, Mehmet; Sahin, IbrahimWe have investigated how diabetes affects the expression of adropin (ADR) in rat brain, cerebellum, kidneys, heart, liver, and pancreas tissues. The rats in the diabetic group were administered an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of a single dose of 60 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in a 0.1 M phosphate-citrate buffer (pH 4.5). The rats were maintained in standard laboratory conditions in a temperature between 21 and 23 A degrees C and a relative humidity of 70 %, under a 12-h light/dark cycle. The animals were fed a standard commercial pellet diet. After 10 weeks, the animals were sacrified. ADR concentrations in the serum and tissue supernatants were measured by ELISA, and immunohistochemical staining was used to follow the expression of the hormones in the brain, cerebellum, kidneys, heart, liver, and pancreas tissues. The quantities were then compared. Increased ADR immunoreaction was seen in the brain, cerebellum, kidneys, heart, liver, and pancreas in the diabetes-induced rats compared to control subjects. ADR was detected in the brain (vascular area, pia mater, neuroglial cell, and neurons), cerebellum (neuroglial cells, Purkinje cells, vascular areas, and granular layer), kidneys (glomerulus, peritubular interstitial cells, and peritubular capillary endothelial cells), heart (endocardium, myocardium, and epicardium), liver (sinusoidal cells), and pancreas (serous acini). Its concentrations (based on mg/wet weight tissues) in these tissues were measured by using ELISA showed that the levels of ADR were higher in the diabetic rats compared to the control rats. Tissue ADR levels based on mg/wet weight tissues were as follows: Pancreas > liver > kidney > heart > brain > cerebellar tissues. Evidence is presented that shows ADR is expressed in various tissues in the rats and its levels increased in STZ-induced diabetes; however, this effect on the pathophysiology of the disorder remains to be understood.Öğe Ghrelin in the pilosebaceous unit: alteration of ghrelin in patients with acne vulgaris(John Libbey Eurotext Ltd, 2015) Cicek, Demet; Demir, Betul; Erden, Ilker; Kuloglu, Tuncay; Ucer, Ozlem; Aydin, Suleyman; Ucak, HaydarBackground: Ghrelin in the pilosebaceous tissues of human skin and ghrelin levels in patients with acne vulgaris have not yet been investigated. Objective: The purpose of this study was to screen ghrelin immunoreactivity by immunohistochemistry in human pilosebaceous tissues of human skin and also to determine the quantities of ghrelin in the serum of the patients with acne vulgaris. Methods: 30 patients presenting with acne vulgaris and 30 control subjects participated in this study. Ghrelin levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Human hair follicles and sebaceous glands were immunohistochemically examined. Results: Immunohistochemistry results showed that there is a strong ghrelin immunoreactivity in the hair follicles and sebaceous glands in sections of human skin. The mean serum ghrelin levels (27.58 +/- 15.44 pg/mL) in patients with acne vulgaris was significantly lower than those of controls (35.62 +/- 20.46 pg/mL). Conclusions: Ghrelin produced in hair follicles and sebaceous glands of the skin might participate in the pathogenesis of acne vulgaris and also acne vulgaris in humans might be associated with decreased serum ghrelin.Öğe The Role of Apelins in the Physiology of the Heart(Bentham Science Publ Ltd, 2014) Aydin, Suna; Eren, Mehmet Nesimi; Sahin, Ibrahim; Aydin, SuleymanApelins are a peptide hormone known as the ligand for the G protein-coupled APJ receptor. There are many different forms of apelin in the circulation. Apelins and their receptors are expressed in the central nervous system, including the hypothalamus, and in numerous other peripheral tissues. These peptides are also synthesized in and secreted from the adipose tissues. Additionally, apelins were immunohistochemically shown to be synthesized in smooth muscle cells in the media of the left internal mammary artery (LIMA) and the saphenous vein, fibroblast cells in the media of the aorta and endothelial cells of the intima. Similarly, it was recently reported that the enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) measurements of apelins were similar to its immunohistochemical data in the tissues of the aorta and left internal mammary artery. Apelins which are rapidly eliminated from the circulation have a half life of less than eight minutes. The normal concentration of apelins in the human plasma ranges between 1.3 ng/mL and 246 +/- 0.045 ng/mL. Apelins serve important functions in food intake, vasopressin (anti-diuretic hormone: ADH) and histamine release, gastric acid, bicarbonate secretion and insulin secretion, diuresis, cell proliferation, angiogenesis, glucose-fluid balance and regulation of gastrointestinal motility and cardiovascular system. Therefore, this review aims to focus on the potential role of the apelin system in the balance of the cardiovascular system.Öğe Serum ghrelin levels in patients with Behcet's disease(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2016) Erden, Ilker; Ucak, Haydar; Demir, Betul; Cicek, Demet; Dertlioglu, Selma Bakar; Aydin, Suleyman; Ozturk, SavasIntroduction: Behcet's disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. Aim: To measure serum ghrelin levels in BD patients and healthy controls and to investigate its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Material and methods: Thirty BD patients and 30 healthy individuals were enrolled in the study. Ghrelin levels were measured in blood samples using ELISA. Results: The mean serum ghrelin level in BD patients (28.57 +/- 14.04) was significantly lower compared to healthy controls (40.72 +/- 23.21) (p = 0.01). The mean serum ghrelin level in BD patients who had MetS (24.18 +/- 12.73) was lower compared to BD patients who did not have MetS (30.77 +/- 14.45), but this difference was not significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Ghrelin levels were lower in BD patients compared to healthy controls. There was no association between reduced ghrelin levels and MetS; however, there was a negative correlation between ghrelin levels and disease activity.Öğe Serum salusin-? and salusin-? levels in patients with Behcet's disease(John Libbey Eurotext Ltd, 2014) Erden, Ilker; Demir, Betul; Ucak, Haydar; Cicek, Demet; Dertlioglu, Selma Bakar; Aydin, SuleymanBackground: Behcet' s disease (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology. There is an increased predisposition to insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in BD patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine serum salusin-alpha and salusin-beta levels in BD patients and healthy controls and to investigate their association with MetS. Patients and Methods: Twenty-five BD patients and 25 healthy controls were included in the study. Salusin-alpha and salusin-beta levels were measured in blood samples using ELISA. In addition, BD patients and healthy controls were evaluated in terms of MetS. Results: The mean serum salusin-alpha level in BD patients was significantly lower compared to healthy controls (p = 0.03), whereas the mean serum salusin-beta level in BD patients was significantly higher compared to healthy controls (p = 0.03). The mean serum salusin-alpha level was significantly lower in BD patients with MetS compared to BD patients without MetS (p = 0.04). Conclusions: Serum salusin-a level (an anti-atherogenic molecule) was lower, while serum salusin-beta level (a pro-atherogenic molecule) was higher in BD patients. We consider that the decrease in salusin-alpha and the increase in salusin-beta levels contribute to the development of MetS.Öğe Serum salusin-? and salusin-? levels in patients with psoriasis(John Libbey Eurotext Ltd, 2015) Erden, Ilker; Ucak, Haydar; Demir, Betul; Cicek, Demet; Bakar Dertlioglu, Selma; Ozturk, Savas; Aydin, Suleyman[Abstract Not Available]
