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    Feeding Japanese quail diets supplemented with probiotics and enzymes
    (South African Journal Of Animal Sciences, 2022) Aydin, O. Durna; Yildiz, G.; Merhan, O.; Ulufer, S.; Onk, K.; Baran, M. S.; Kaplan, O.
    This study assessed the effects of dietary supplementation with probiotics and enzymes on performance, blood antioxidant capacity, and cecal short-chain fatty acid concentration. Two hundred one -day-old quail chicks were randomly divided into four groups, each containing 50 chicks. All the chicks were fed with a basal diet for 35 days. The control group was fed the basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diet augmented with a commercial probiotic and enzyme supplement at 0.5 g/kg, 1 g/kg and 2 g/kg. At the end of experiment, initial live weight, final live weight, live weight gain and feed intake were affected significantly by the addition of the supplement. However, the supplement did not influence the feed conversion ratio. Increasing the levels of the probiotic and enzyme supplement Diazyme 256 in the diets caused linear and quadratic responses in malondialdehyde, glutathione, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase level. Catalase showed a linear increase with the rise in level of the supplement. However, ceruloplasmin, albumin, total protein and globulin were not affected. Significant linear responses were observed in propionic acid, butyric acid and isocaproic acid with the increasing levels of the supplement. There were no significant differences in acetic acid, isobutyric acid, valeric acid, isovaleric acid, caproic acid, branched chain fatty acids, and short chain fatty acid concentrations for quails fed various levels of the supplement. In conclusion, the supplement Diazyme 256 containing probiotics and enzymes could be used in quail diets to improve growth performance, antioxidant capacity and intestinal health.
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    Investigation of Boron Addition to Dried Alfalfa In Vitro Ruminal Profile and Potential for Reducing Enteric Methane Emission
    (Hellenic Veterinary Medical Soc, 2023) Yildiz, G.; Aydin, O. Durna; Toygar, U.
    The aim of our study is to investigate the effects of increasing doses of boron on methane gas production amounts, short chain fatty acids level, protozoa number and organic matter digestibility in vitro with HFT (Hohenheim Futterwert Test) technique. In vitro incubation was performed in the Hohenheim Gas test method at 39 degrees C for 24 hours in the study. Dried alfalfa was used as substrate for fermentation. Increasing doses of boron were used on fresh rumen fluid, buffer solution and dried alfalfa. In the study, 54 syringes were used for a total of 6 groups, including 1 control and 5 trial ( B1: 25 ppm boric acid, B2: 50 ppm boric acid, B3: 100 ppm boric acid, B4: 200 ppm boric acid, B5: 500 ppm boric acid). Methane gas measurement was performed at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 hours of boron addition at increasing doses under in vitro rumen conditions. In terms of time x group interaction, the difference between hours was found to be significant for each group(P<0,001). However, when looked at for each hour, it was seen that the difference between the groups was significant only for the 24th hour (P<0,001). At the 24th hour of fermentation under in vitro rumen con- dition, acetic acid and total short chain fatty acid values were linearly and cubically affected. With increasing doses of boron, propionic acid, isobutyric acid, butyric acid and valeric acid values were linearly affected The total number of protozoa was not affected by the addition of increasing doses of boron at the 24th hour of fermentation under in vitro rumen conditions. Consequently, the addition of boric acid at increasing doses in in vitro rumen conditions decreased methane production and positively affected the amount of some short-chain fatty acids, organic matter digestibility and total short chain fatty acids. With this study, it can be said that boron has the potential to reduce enteric methane emission. In the light of these findings, it was emphasized that boron has the potential to reduce methane emissions from ruminant animals, considering the greenhouse gas effect.