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Aflatoxin species: their health effects and determination methods in different foodstuffs
(Sciendo, 2012) Bakirdere, Sezgin; Bora, Selin; Bakirdere, E. Gulhan; Aydin, Firat; Arslan, Yasin; Komesli, O. Tarik; Aydin, Isil
Carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of aflatoxin species are known in literature. Their intake over a long time period might be health-dangerous for human even at trace levels. It is well known that different foodstuffs can be contaminated by aflatoxin species through growing and storage. Due to the serious health effects, sensitive determination of aflatoxin species in any matrices related with the human being is very crucial at trace levels. In literature, there are sensitive techniques to analyze the different samples for the contents of their aflatoxin species. Each technique has some advantages and disadvantages over the other techniques. This review aims to summarize the different health effects of aflatoxin species, development of analytical techniques and applications of developed techniques in a variety of matrices.
Application of Modified BCR Sequential Extraction Method for the Fractionation and ICP-OES Determination of Copper in Asphaltite Combustion Waste
(Atomic Spectroscopy Press Ltd, 2013) Aydin, Firat; Gunduz, Beniz; Aydin, Isil; Akba, Osman; Saydut, Abdurrahman; Hamamci, Candan
Asphaltite is derived from petroleum-origin solid fossil fuel. It contains many elements in different forms which may change during the combustion process. This study presents a modified BCR sequential extraction method for the fractionation of copper (Cu) in asphaltite combustion waste (ACW) into four forms (exchangeable, reducible, oxidizable, and residual) and determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The 327.393 nm line was used because it offers highest detectability and is free from major spectral interferences. A two-stage microwave acid digestion program was used for preparation of the samples. The total Cu concentration in the ACW was 104.56 mg kg(-1) dry weight (d.w). The most abundant copper fraction in the studied ACW samples was found as residual fraction of Cu (59.94 mg kg(-1) d.w.). The relative abundances of the remaining Cu fractions in ACW were as follows: exchangeable + water- and acid-soluble (19.07 mg kg(-1) d.w.) > oxidizable (17.49 mg kg(-1)' d.w.) > reducible (7.65 mg kg(-1) d.w.). The results were found to be in good agreement with the certified values. The advantages of the technique include a high degree of automation, good reproducibility, and short analysis time, which makes it the method of choice for the fractionation of Cu.
Chemical Characteristics of Settled Particles during a Dust-Storm
(Hard, 2012) Aydin, Firat; Aydin, Isil; Erdogan, Sait; Akba, Osman; Isik, Birgul; Hamamci, Candan
Major synoptic systems bring desert dust from Arabia and the Sahara to Anatolia, Turkey. A study of particulate matter (PM) associated metal content such as As, Al, Cr, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn, etc., has been carried out for Diyarbakir, SE Anatolia, Turkey. Results show that the PM10 levels during a dust storm were much higher than in a non-dust-storm period and that four metals (Fe, Al, Cr, Mn) were dominant in settled particles. This research does not only provide background data for air quality management, but also provides valuable information about the chemical composition of the particles.
Chemical fractionation of nickel in asphaltite based bottom ash
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Aydin, Isil; Aydin, Firat; Kilinc, Ersin; Duz, M. Zahir; Hamamci, Candan
Asphaltite, originating from petroleum, contains many kinds of mineral elements derived from its generation. These elements exist in different forms which may change throughout the asphaltite combustion process. Chemical fractionation of nickel (Ni) is necessary for risk assessment of asphaltite based bottom ash (ABBA). This study presents the concentration and fractionation of Ni in bottom ash of asphaltite (Sirnak, SE Anatolia, Turkey). Determination of total Ni in ash was performed in two stage microwave-acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Dry ashing is used for the almost complete elimination of organic materials prior to analyte determination. A seven-step sequential extraction process to fractionation of Ni from ABBA was investigated. Total Ni concentration in the ABBA was found to be 568.15 mg kg(-1). The most abundant form of Ni in the ABBA was Ni as sulfide (301.23 mg kg(-1)). Relative abundances of the remaining Ni fractions in ABBA follow the order: Reducible (83.23 mg kg(-1)) > Water soluble (77.94 mg kg(-1)) > Carbonate (35.67 mg kg(-1)) > Exchangeable (28.11 mg kg(-1)) > Oxidisable (25.19 mg kg(-1)) > Residual (16.78 mg kg(-1)). Assessment of chemical, mineralogical, morphological and leaching behaviour of ashes is important for their effective management.
Chiral lariat ethers as membrane carriers for chiral amino acids and their sodium and potassium salts
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2009) Aydin, Isil; Aral, Tarik; Karakaplan, Mehmet; Hosgoren, Halil
Four chiral lariat ethers 8-11 containing a (p-methoxyphenoxy) methyl side arm were used for chiral discrimination of amino acids in their zwitterionic form or as potassium and sodium salts in transport across a bulk chloroform membrane with satisfactory selectivity. The carriers that were employed exhibited different transport selectivity relative to the amino acids and their Salts under study. The D/L selectivity strongly depends on the amino acids or their salts, and in some cases reverse selectivity has been obtained. The best selectivity was obtained in the case of tyrosine and its potassium salts for all carriers. The transport rates of amino acids and their salts were found to be controlled by factors such as the structure of the carriers and amino acids or their salts. Among these factors, it was also found that the side arm of the lariat ethers plays an important role in the transport process. As a consequence, the main goal of our investigation was to separate the chiral amino acids through liquid membranes. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Comparative Determination of Phosphorus Fractions in Coastal Surface Sediment (NE Mediterranean Sea) by ICP-OES and UV/VIS Spectrometry
(Atomic Spectroscopy Press Ltd, 2018) Aydin, Isil; Temel, Zihni; Gunduz, Beniz; Aydin, Firat
The role of phosphorus (P) in sediments in promoting marine eutrophication can be more efficiently evaluated by considering different P fractions instead of total P content. This paper presents the P distribution (total P, organic P, and fractions of inorganic P; loosely adsorbed P, and P bound to aluminium, P bound to calcium, and P bound to iron, as well as total inorganic P) in surface sediments collected in June 2015 at the NE Mediterranean Sea (due to extensive tourism is under anthropogenic pressure) using chemical (sequential extraction) fractionation techniques. A number of fractions were collected for each reagent for subsequent colorimetric determination using UV/Vis spectrometry and ICP-OES determination. The two methods show similar results for the P and the concentrations are in good agreement with the reference values. The results presented P-bound calcium as the major P fraction in the surface sediments collected, mainly due to the oversaturation of calcite and the co-precipitation of phosphate. Relative abundances of the remaining P fractions follow the order: Fe-P > Al-P > loosely bound P for coastal surface sediment.
Comparison of dry, wet and microwave digestion procedures for the determination of chemical elements in wool samples in Turkey using ICP-OES technique
(Elsevier, 2008) Aydin, Isil
The aim of this study is to quantify the content of elements (Co, Ni, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cd, Pb Cr, Fe, Na. K, Ca, Mg) present in wool samples (n:87) from Turkey because similar studies have not been published earlier. A fast and simple method for quantification of the metal content of wool samples was standardized for the three sample digestion procedures using dry ashing, wet ashing and microwave digestion and compared by the flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The proposed method indicated satisfactory recovery, detection limits and standard deviation for trace metal determination in wool samples. The results in the samples (minimum-maximum in mu g g(-1)) were: Co 1.22-1.54, Cu 2.45-3.64, Min 0.44-0.65, Cd 0.08-0.30, Pb 1.33-1.74, Cr 0.33-1.25, Zn 73.94-87.08 and Fe 119.04-182.52. The lowest and highest levels of Na 0.31-0.37, K 0.05-0.06, Ca 0.50-0.66, Mg 0.11-0.12 were found as %. The concentration of Ni was below detection limit. The Certified Reference Material, CRM 397. Human Hair and Tomato Leaves-1573a were used in order to verify the accuracy of the microwave digestion method, and whether the results were in good agreement with the certified values. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Content and Mobility Behavior of Iron and Manganese in Asphaltite Burning Residue Using ICP-OES
(Atomic Spectroscopy Press Ltd, 2014) Aydin, Isil; Gunduz, Beniz; Aydin, Firat; Akba, Osman; Saydut, Abdurrahman; Hamamci, Candan
The determination of inorganic pollutants leaching from solid waste, such as coal, asphaltite, oil shale, and ash, is an important topic for industrial applications and solid waste management. This study presents the concentration and fractionation of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) in asphaltite burning residue (ABR) and their determination by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). A modified Tessier sequential extraction method was used for the fractionation of Fe and Mn in four forms (exchangeable, carbonates, bound to organic and sulfide, and residual content). Investigations on the Fe and Mn chemical fractions and their environmental mobility in ash solution systems were carried out. It was found that Mn in ABR (from Harbul-Silopi, Turkey) occurs in the following fractions: exchangeable (13.56%), associated with carbonates (28.94%), associated with organic matter and sulfides (17.48%), and residual content (40.08%). Fe occurs in the following fractions: exchangeable (11.11%), carbonates (27.68%), organic matter and sulfides (23.39%), and residual content (37.82%). Among these fractions, the exchangeable and carbonate-bound fractions are unstable and prone to leach out, while the organic matter-bound fractions and the residual fractions are considered to be relatively stable and of low bioavailability. Thw mobility fractions of Fe contain 38.79% and of Mn contain 42.50% of their total concentration in ABR under normal environmental conditions.
Desulfurization and demineralization of asphaltite using combination of froth flotation and aqueous caustic leaching
(Sage Publications Inc, 2008) Saydut, Abdurrahman; Duz, M. Zahir; Aydin, Isil; Hamamci, Candan
The mineral matter and Sulfur, which are present in varying amounts in asphaltites, are a major problem in utilization of asphaltites as a fuel. The effect of leaching asphaltites from Simak and Silopi, SE Anatolia, Turkey, with froth flotation following aqueous sodium hydroxide oil desulfurization and deashing was investigated. Froth flotation reduced the ash content of asphaltite by 35.8 % and 35.3 %, pyritic Sulfur 22.55 % and 8.7 % (wt %) and its volatile matter content by 28.9 % and 28.9 %. The asphaltite flotation yield was 79.1 % and 85.3 %. Never organic sulfur could be removed by froth flotation. The asphaltite concentration obtained from flotation was leached using aqeous sodium hydroxide and its organic sulfur content was reduced by 60.8% and 61.9 %. Hence using combination of the two methods, the total sulfur, ash and volatile matter contents was reduced by 76.4% and 71.4 %, 38.1 % and 38.3 %, 44.1 % and 47.2 %. respectively.
Determination of lead separated selectively with ion exchange method from solution onto BCW in Sirnak, East Anatolia of Turkey
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Aydin, Firat; Yasar, Fatma; Aydin, Isil; Guzel, Fuat
There are approximately 82 million of tons asphaltites reserves in Sirnak, East Anatolia of Turkey. The present study was investigated to employ ashes of Sirnak BCW (burned coal waste) as an ion exchange in removal of important toxic metal, Lead (Pb), in high yields by adsorption. The ion exchange characteristics of lead onto BCW from aqueous solution were investigated with respect to the changes in pH of solution, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, contact time and temperature of solution. For the adsorption of lead, the Langmuir isotherm model fitted to equilibrium data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic functions, the change of free energy (Delta G degrees), enthalpy (Delta N degrees) and entropy (Delta S degrees) of adsorption were also calculated for lead. These parameters showed that the adsorption was feasible, spontaneous and exothermic at 293-333 K. Experimental data were also evaluated in terms of kinetic characteristics of adsorption. The batch kinetic data were correlated to the pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order models. The data fitted better to the pseudo-second order equation. The activation energy of systems was determined. Experimental data have shown that BCW that was used in unmodified form; as low cost, readily available ion exchange; can be used for removal of lead from industrial waste waters. Analysis was determined using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (FAAS). (C) 2011 Published by Elsevier B.V.
Determination of mineral phosphate species in sedimentary phosphate rock in Mardin, SE Anatolia, Turkey by sequential extraction
(Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Aydin, Isil; Imamoglu, Sefik; Aydin, Firat; Saydut, Abdurrahman; Hamamci, Candan
The importance of the effect of phosphate rock depends on the chemical form of phosphorus in which this element is combined. The paper presents the results of inorganic and organic forms of phosphorus in the phosphate rock from Mazidag-Derik, Semikan deposit located at Mardin city at SE Anatolia of Turkey. Total phosphorus concentration in the rock is an average 18.5%. The inorganic phosphorus mean % contents were 99.98% for studied sedimentary phosphate rock. Speciation of inorganic phosphorus was carried out using a method based on sequential extractions of the sedimentary phosphate rock each releasing four forms of inorganic phosphorus: loosely sorbed phosphorus, phosphorus bound to aluminium (P-Al), phosphorus bound to calcium (P-Ca) and phosphorus bound to iron (P-Fe). Calcium bound phosphorus is the dominant form of inorganic phosphorus in the studied sedimentary phosphate rock. Aluminium bound phosphorus is the second, iron bound phosphorus is the third most prevailing form. Loosely bound phosphorus is present in the lowest amounts. Analyses of phosphorus forms in sedimentary phosphate rock using a UV spectrophotometric method and ICP-AES are reported here. For the phosphorus the two methods give the same results and the concentrations are in good agreement with the reference values. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Determination of Selenium and Nickel in Asphaltite from Milli (Sirnak) Deposit in SE Anatolia of Turkey
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2017) Aydin, Isil; Fidan, Celal; Kavak, Orhan; Erek, Figen; Aydin, Firat
Asphaltite is one of the naturally occurring black, solid bitumen's, which are soluble at heating in carbon disulphide band fuse. Asphaltite is also a solidified hydro carbon compound derived from petroleum [1]. According to the World Energy Council, Turkish National Committee (1998), the total reserve of the asphaltic substances that are found in south eastern Turkey is about 82 million tons, with Silopi and Sirnak reserves to get her comprising the major part of the Asphaltite deposits. Selenium and Nickel are very important elements both environmental and health. Selenium plays an important role in the formation of the enzyme antioxidant effect in the cell. The need for Selenium increases in situations such as pregnancy, menopause, grow than development, air pollution. Nickel is used for preventing iron-poor blood, increasing iron absorption, and treating weak bones. In this study, asphaltites were taken from Milli vein from Sirnak deposit in SE Anatolia of Turkey. A total of 6.500.000 tons of Asphaltite reserves have been identified as asphaltites in Milli (Sirnak). The sample preparation method was developed in Asphaltite by spectroanalytical techniques, wet acid digestion. MW-AD followed by ICP-OES were used for the determination of Selenium and Nickel in Asphaltite. Proximate analysis of Asphaltite fly ash samples was made. It also, Selenium and Nickel element analysis in Asphaltite were made.
Determination of Trace Elements in Turkish Wines by ICP-OES and HG-ICP-OES
(Atomic Spectroscopy Press Ltd, 2010) Aydin, Isil; Yuksel, Uyan; Guzel, Remziye; Ziyadanogullari, Berrin; Aydin, Firat
The aim of this work was to determine the concentration of toxic metals in wine samples from different regions in Turkey using ICP-OES and HG-ICP-OES, and comparing the results with reports from other researchers. Ten samples each of white wines and red wines were obtained at a local supermarket and analyzed for Ca, K, Cr, Mn, Sn, Zn, Cu, Fe, Ni, Mg, Al, and Co by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), and for Hg, Pb, and Cd by hydride generation combined with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (HG-ICP-OES). The concentrations found in red and white wines were, respectively: Cd: 0.017 and 0.016 mu g L-1; Ply 0.021 and 0.030 mu g L-1; Hg: <0.005 and <0.01 mu g L-1; Ca: 44.118 and 42.195 mg L-1, Cr: 0.056 and 0.0584 mg L--1,L- K: 1169 and 986 mg L--1,L- Mn: 1.564 and 0.118 mg L--1,L- Sn: 0.098 and 0.089 mg L--1,L- Zn: 0.665 and 0.473 mg L-1, Cu: 0.079 and 0.126 mg L-1, Fe: 1.024 and 1.005 mg L-1, Ni: 0.036 and 0.051 mg L-1, Mg: 78 and 68 mg L-1, Al: 0.524 and 0.524 mg L-1, Co: 0.214 and 0.134 mg L-1, The accuracy of the method was verified using the standard reference material NRCSLRS-4 River Water. The analytical values obtained are comparable with those reported by other researchers.
The effects of sewage sludge used as fertilizer on agronomic and chemical features of bird's foot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.) and soil pollution
(Academic Journals, 2010) Saruhan, Veysel; Gul, Ismail; Aydin, Isil
This study was conducted to determine the effects of sewage sludge using fertilizer at different doses (3, 6, and 9 ton da(-1)) on birds' foot trefoil yields and chemical features. Residual of some heavy metal (Cd, Pb, Cu and Co) and macro element (K, Ca, Na, S, C and Mg,) concentrations were measured in soils and plants. According to the results of the study, sewage sludge, when applied to the soil with increasing amounts, raised the mineral matter content of plant, which affected the growth of plant favorably. Consequently, it affected the high herbage yield and increased the yield in parallellism with increasing doses of sewage sludge. Heavy metal contents were found under the critical levels in soil and plant. So, sewage sludge application as fertilizer used in appropriate doses did not pollute the soil that much, but leads to an increase in plant products.
EFFECTS OF SEWAGE SLUDGE USED AS FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF LUCERNE (Medicago sativa L.) AND SOIL
(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2015) Kusvuran, Alpaslan; Saruhan, Veysel; Aydin, Isil; Kokten, Kagan
This study was conducted to determine the effects of sewage sludge (SS) used as fertilizer at different concentrations (control, 20 kg ha(-1) nitrogen (N), 30, 60 and 90 ton ha(-4) SS, 20 kg ha(-1) N + 30 ton ha(-1) SS, 20 kg ha(-1) N + 60 ton ha(-1) SS and 20 kg ha(-1) N + 90 ton ha(-1) SS) on lucerne yields and chemical features. For this purpose, an increasing level of SS was applied to the soil samples. The residuals of some heavy metal (Hg, Cr, Fe, Ni, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cu, Co, and Se) and macro element (K, Ca, Na, Mg, C, and S) concentrations were measured in the plants and soils. According to the results of this study, SS, when applied to soil in increasing amounts, raised the mineral matter contents of the plants, which favorably affected plant growth. Consequently, it affected the herbage yield, increasing the yield in parallel with the increasing SS concentrations. Applying N with the SS positively influenced the heavy metal contents of the lucerne and residue in the soil. Additionally, the heavy metal contents were found at below critical levels in both the soil and plants. Therefore, SS application as fertilizer used in appropriate concentrations did not pollute the soil very much, but did lead to an increase in plant products.
Elemental Composition of Red Wines in Southeast Turkey
(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2015) Karatas, Dilek Degirmenci; Aydin, Firat; Aydin, Isil; Karatas, Huseyin
Mineral profiles of wines and soil extracts were analysed in the five most popular international wines (Cabernet Sauvignon, Syrah, Merlot, Cot, and Tannat) and national Bogazkere, which is one of the highest-quality grapevine varieties grown in Turkey. We carried out study to establish the mineral and metal concentrations in wines from Southeast Anatolia of Turkey. The ICP-OES method was used for accurate determination of concentrations of 12 elements including Ca, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, Pb, and Zn. The high levels of iron, potassium, sodium, and calcium were observed in the wine samples analysed. Major elements were also abundantly found in the soil samples. Minor element contents of wine samples were compatible with results other researches. The amount of metal content in wine is an important issue. A remarkable finding of the study was that heavy metals like Pb (found below acceptable limits only in three samples), Co, and Cd were not detected. The results obtained did not exceed the maximum acceptable limits established by the Office International de la Vigne et du Vin. Our results showed that the mineral compositions of wine and soils were interrelated. The analysis of the soil samples taken from the vineyard locations showed similar results for highest composition of major minerals. The characteristics of the wines produced in the Southeast Region of Turkey were analysed for the first time.
Hazardous metal geochemistry of sedimentary phosphate rock used for fertilizer (Mazidag, SE Anatolia, Turkey)
(Elsevier, 2010) Aydin, Isil; Aydin, Firat; Saydut, Abdurrahman; Bakirdere, E. Gulhan; Hamamci, Candan
Composition of phosphate rocks mostly depend on their type and origin. Sedimentary rocks contain high concentration of heavy metals. Phosphate rocks are mainly used for the manufacturing of phosphate fertilizers. The contents of heavy metals Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn, as well as rare earth elements Ce, La, and Th were determined in sedimentary phosphate rock used for production of fertilizer in Turkey. The Kasrik-Semikan, Mazidag (Mardin, SE Anatolia, Turkey) high-grade phosphate rock used in this study is situated near the border with Syria and was deposited during the Turonian and Senonian (Cretaceous) ages. Total phosphorus (P) concentration in the rock is 18.5% on the average. Microwave acid digestion (MW-AD) followed by inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrophotometry (ICP-OES) was carried out for the determination of all the elements of interest in phosphate rock. The results revealed that hazardous metal content of the phosphate rock was lower in Mazidag phosphate than that in samples imported from other countries and were within the safety limits. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Major and Trace Element Contamination of Short-Term Snow Cover During and After a Dust Storm and Analysis by ICP-OES
(Atomic Spectroscopy Press Ltd, 2013) Akba, Osman; Kilinc, Ersin; Aydin, Isil; Erdogan, Sait; Aydin, Firat; Duz, M. Zahir; Hamamci, Candan
The levels of major and trace elements are key data for evaluating the toxicity of potential particulate matter and for identifying pollution sources. From this point of view, snow is considered an ideal matrix to observe deposition from the atmosphere due to environmental and anthropogenic activities. This work has demonstrated that major and trace element levels of Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, and Zn were found in snow precipitation sampled during and after a dust storm in and around Diyarbakir city, SE Anatolia, Turkey. A simple methodological approach consisting of surface snow sampling and analysis by ICP-OES provides information about the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of atmospheric precipitation. The concentrations of toxic metals were found at high levels and are therefore a threat to human health. In particular, the concentrations for Fe and Al were significantly higher than for the other elements.
Microwave Digestion Followed by ICP-OES for the Determination of Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, and Sn in Maize
(Atomic Spectroscopy Press Ltd, 2012) Duz, M. Zahir; Celik, K. Serdar; Aydin, Isil; Erdogan, Sait; Aydin, Firat; Hamamci, Candan
Maize (Zea mays L.) is currently the most widely grown crop in the world and is used not only for food and animal feed but also to produce industrial starches, biodiesel, ethanol, and oils. The present work reports the results obtained by the proposed method for the determination of metals (M, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Sn) in maize by ICP-OES, using digestion with an oxidant mixture in a closed-vessel microwave oven. The results in the maize samples (minimum-maximum in mg/kg) were: Al 6.678-7.051, Sn 2.092-3.977, Cr 0.394-0.423, Cu 21.56-24.78, Fe 93.37-102.86, Ni 1.679-1.877 and Pb 0.375-0.392. The concentration of Cd was below the detection limit (< 0.03 mg/kg). The certified reference material, CRM NIST1573a Tomato Leaves, was used in order to verify the accuracy of the microwave digestion method. The results of this study were in good agreement with the certified values.
Molybdenum speciation in asphaltite bottom ash (Seguruk, SE Anatolia, Turkey)
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2012) Aydin, Isil; Aydin, Firat; Hamamci, Candan
Asphaltites derive from petroleum origin. The combustion of asphaltites produces fly and bottom ashes that are characterized by a high content of valuable elements such as vanadium, nickel, molybdenum, uranium, thorium, sulfur and unburnt carbon. This study presents the concentration and speciation of molybdenum in bottom ash of asphaltite (Seguruk, SE Anatolia, Turkey). Determination of total molybdenum in asphaltite bottom ash was performed in two stage microwave-acid digestion followed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. A seven step sequential extraction process to speciation of molybdenum from asphaltite bottom ash was investigated. The most abundant form of molybdenum in samples is sulfide fraction of molybdenum. Relative abundances of the remaining fractions follow the order: residual > reducible > oxidizable > exchangeable > carbonate > water soluble. Molybdenum speciation scheme allows quantitative knowledge of molybdenum distribution in asphaltite bottom ash and their toxicity, mobility, leachability, bioaccumulation and bioavailability. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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