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    Comparison of the Effects of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco “Maras Powder” Use on Pulmonary Function, Electrocardiogram and Other Parameters
    (2019) Taylan, Maşuk; Kasapoğlu, Umut Sabri; Güney, Pınar Atagün; Atilla, Nurhan; Irmak, İlim; Arpag, Hüseyin
    Objective: Through the years, tobacco has been used in many ways. While the most common way of consumption is through smoking cigarettes, smokeless use bychewing or nasal snuffing are also quite common. Smokeless tobacco, also named “Maras powder”, is generally used as a substitute to reduce or quit smoking. Theeffects of smokeless tobacco use on the immune system, respiratory system and cardiovascular system have been extensively researched. In our study, we aimed toinvestigate the effects of Maras powder on the respiratory, electrocardiogram (ECG) findings and biochemical methods.Methods: One hundred and forty-nine cases were included and the cases were classified into the following four groups: only using Maras powder; using Maras powderand smoking; only smoking and control group neither smoking nor using Maras powder. Physical examination findings, ECG findings, results of pulmonary functiontests, results of biochemical analysis including complete blood count and lipid profile of all participants were recorded on admission.Results: The risk of mouth sores was 7.9 times higher in the Maras powder group due to direct contact to the oral mucosa. There is a relationship between the daily usefrequency of smokeless tobacco and the development of oral wounds, but the total period of use or the duration in mouth was not related to this situation. The ECGfindings of both the smoking and Maras powder consuming group was found to be significantly higher than the control group.Conclusion: The smokeless tobacco use, which is considered as an alternative way of quitting smoking, does not have adverse effects on respiratory functions. However,it is an important risk factor for many life-threatening health conditions such as ECG abnormalities and occurrence of oral lesions. Social awareness must be created forsmokeless tobacco use in order to fight this habitual threat to public health.
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    RESEARCH BURDEN OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES IN TURKEY - RBILD
    (Mattioli 1885, 2022) Aycicek, Olcay; Cetinkaya, Erdogan; Ucsular, Fatma Demirci; Bayram, Nazan; Senyigit, Abdurrahman; Aksel, Nimet; Atilla, Nurhan
    Introduction: The aim of our study is to investigate the etiological distribution of ILD in Turkey by stratifying the epidemiological characteristics of ILD cases, and the direct cost of initial diagnosis of the diag-nosed patients. Material-Method: The study was conducted as a multicenter, prospective, cross-sectional, clinical observation study. Patients over the age of 18 and who accepted to participate to the study were included and evaluated as considered to be ILD. The findings of diagnosis, examination and treatment carried out by the cent-ers in accordance with routine diagnostic procedures were recorded observationally. Results: In total,1070 patients were included in this study. 567 (53%) of the patients were male and 503 (47%) were female. The most frequently diagnosed disease was IPF (30.5%). Dyspnea (75.9%) was the highest incidence among the presenting symptoms. Physical examination found bibasilar inspiratory crackles in 56.2 % and radiological findings included reticular opacities and interlobular septal thickenings in 55.9 % of the cases. It was observed that clinical and radiological findings were used most frequently (74.9%) as a diagnostic tool. While the most common treatment approaches were the use of systemic steroids and antifibrotic drugs with a rate of 30.7% and 85.6%, respectively. The total median cost from the patient's admission to diagnosis was 540 Turkish Lira. Conclusion: We believe that our findings compared with data from other countries will be useful in showing the current situation of ILD in our country to discuss this problem and making plans for a solution.