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Öğe Akkaraman ırkı koyunlarda ve Ankara keçilerinde servikal mukus kaynatma testi ile gebelik tanısı(2004) Aslan, Selim; Kaçar, Cihan; Zonturlu, Abuzer K.; Macun, H. Ceyhun; Saban, Erdal; Özyurtlu, NihatBu çalışmanın amacı, koyun ve keçilerde gebelik tanı yöntemi olarak kullanılan servikal mukus kaynatma testinin saha koşullarında uygulanabilirliği ve doğruluk oranının araştırılmasıdır. Çalışmada 50 baş Akkaraman ırkı koyun ve 50 baş Ankara keçisi materyal olarak kullanıldı. Servikal mukus testi ile koyunlarda % 80 doğruluk oranı, %73.3 sensitivite, % 82.9 spesivite, % 64.7 pozitif tanımlama oranı ve % 87.9 negatif tanımlama oranı elde edildi. Keçilerde ise bu oranlar sırasıyla % 70, % 60, % 72.5, % 35.3 ve % 87.9 olarak bulundu. Ayrıca korpus luteum büyüklüğü ve progesteron değerleri arasındaki korelasyon araştırıldı. Gebe ve gebe olmayan tüm hayvanlar içinde sadece gebe olmayan koyunlarda korelasyonun önemli olduğu (r=0.58; p<0.05) tespit edildi. Bunlara ilaveten yapılan vaginal sitoloji değerlendirmesinde gebe ve gebe olmayan hayvanlar arasında hücre kompozisyonu bakımından ayırıcı bir farklılığın olmadığı saptandı. Sonuç olarak, koyun ve keçilerde yapılan bu çalışmada servikal mukus kaynatma testiyle koyunlarda gebeliğin tanısında keçilere göre daha yüksek oranlar elde edilebileceği ve bu yöntemin saha koşullarında uygulanabileceği kanısına varıldı.Öğe Cp violation in neutral kaon system(2017) Aslan, Selim; Meşe, EmineAs we know there are some symmetries in the universe, but now we all know that the universe are formed by symmetries violation. The most important violation of symmetry is CP (charge-parity) violation. Scientists had discovered CP violation in the neutral kaon nearly 50 years ago. But today scientists need to study on this topic because the scientists want to learn more information about CP violation. In this thesis, we will try to examine some basic information of CP violation and neutral Kaon and We will analysis the Atlas data if We can see CP violation in the neutral Kaon system. Key Words: CP violation , Neutral Kaon , AtlasÖğe Effect of subsequent two short-term, short-term, and long-term progestagen treatments on fertility of Awassi ewes out of the breeding season(Ankara Univ Press, 2011) Ozyurtlu, Nihat; Ay, S. Serhan; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Gungor, Orsan; Aslan, SelimThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of different treatment methods of progestagen with PMSG in Awassi ewes out of the breeding season. A total of 48 ewes were divided into four groups equally. In Group I, vaginal sponges (30 mg fluorogestone acetate; FGA) were administered to ewes for seven days; afterwards vaginal sponge removal at the end of rh days and new vaginal sponge replaced for seven days in the same group. Vaginal sponges were administered for 7 days and 14 days in Group II and Group III, respectively. Group IV (Control) served as control group. In all experimental groups, 500 IU PMSG was given at sponge removal. Parameters such as estrus response rate, pregnancy and lambing rates, interval from sponge withdrawal to onset of estrus, duration of estrus and fecundity were evaluated. There were no significant differences in terms of estrus response rate, pregnancy rate, lambing rate, and fecundity between the Group I, II and III (p>0.05). In addition to this, any difference in the duration of estrus was not observed in all groups. However, variations in the interval from sponge removal to estrus was found significant (p<0.05) differences between Group II (53 +/- 3.37 h) and Group III (41.5 +/- 1.81 h). A slight increase in progesterone levels was observed after ram introduction, but a significant decrease in progesterone levels was found after two weeks from ram introduction (p<0.05). It was concluded that there was no advantage of using two subsequent sponge treatments for achieving high progesterone concentration during treatment. In addition, short-term sponge treatment (7d) was found as effective as long-term sponge treatment in Awassi ewes out of the breeding season.Öğe The Effects of Separate and Combined Use of PGF2? and GnRH Hormones and the Addition of Beta-Carotene on Fertility Parameters in Dairy Cows with Ovarian Cysts(Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2018) Emre, Birten; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Agaoglu, Ali Reha; Ay, Serhan Serhat; Kaya, Duygu; Somali, Mustafa; Aslan, SelimBackground: Ovarian cysts are commonly observed pathologies, which interfere with normal cyclic activity and adversely affect fertility in cows. Beta-carotene is effective in the reduction of reproductive problems by inducing the natural defence mechanisms of the body. There are several methods that can be used for the treatment of ovarian cysts. The separate and combined use of GnRH and PGF2 alpha commonly uses in the treatment of ovarian cysts. Therefore, in the presented study the effects of Beta-carotene (beta c) addition for the treatment of ovarian cysts either with GnRH solely or GnRH and PGF2 alpha in combination on the fertility parameters of dairy cows were investigated. Materials, Methods & Results: Seventy-six Holstein Friesian cows having ovarian cysts diagnosed by ultrasonography (USG) were divided into three groups. Cows in Group I (GI, n = 27), were injected with GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im), PGF2 alpha (Tiaprost-trometamol, 5 mL, im) and beta c (20 mL/cow, into 4 regions by im route). In Group II (GII, n = 25) GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im) and PGF2 alpha (Tiaprost-trometamol, 5mL, im) were administrated while GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im) solely in Group III (GIII, n = 24). Cysts were monitored via USG, and blood samples were collected on the on day of treatment (day 0) and on the 7th and 14th days following the administrations. Cows shoving oestrous were inseminated and pregnancy diagnoses were performed on the 40th day following insemination. Treatment results showed that there were statistically no significant differences between GI and GII (P > 0.05). Only numerical difference obtained in time from therapy to pregnancy and overall pregnancy index (P > 0.05). Overall pregnancy rate (85 %), first service pregnancy rates (40 %) and overall pregnancy index (2.11) in GI were found significantly higher than GIII (53.3 %; 20 %; 4.12) [P < 0.05]. No significant difference was observed in progesterone (P4) levels between the groups (P > 0.05). It was found that pc administrations significantly increased beta C levels in GI than GII and GIII on the 7th and 14th days (P < 0.05). Discussion: One of the most common problems encountered in modern dairy production is the development of ovarian cysts. Treatments for ovarian cyst are numerous and variable, and have changed considerably over the years. In the present study, GnRH and PGF2 alpha were administered together as a combination, and as a result of this combined use, higher percentages were obtained for both pregnancy rate and fertility parameters in GI and GII, in comparison to the group administered with GnRH alone (GIII). Better outcome from combination therapy (GnRH and PGF2 alpha) may be due to the fact that luteal thickening in the walls of cysts was determined by ultrasonography, but P4 values were not identified immediately and the treatments were not categorized in accord with these values. No statistically significant differences were determined between GI and GII concerning the fertility parameters investigated, however numerical and proportional differences were observed. beta C levels were significantly higher on day 7 and 14 after treatment in GI which were administered beta C additionally to the treatment protocol for ovarian cysts. This statistical difference suggests that administration of beta c in combination therapy is also effective in the treatment of ovarian cysts. In conclusion, it was determined that high pregnancy rates were obtained by the combined treatment of ovarian cysts (GnRH + PGF2 alpha) and number of inseminations per conception were at desired limits. Better percentile and numerical fertility parameters were achieved in the group, which additionally received beta c, high numbers of infertility cases, beta c supplementation could be a viable option for treatment.Öğe Evaluation of genes involved in prostaglandin action in equine endometrium during estrous cycle and early pregnancy(Elsevier, 2010) Atli, Mehmet O.; Kurar, Ercan; Kayis, Seyit A.; Aslan, Selim; Semacan, Ahmet; Celik, Sefa; Guzeloglu, AydinThe aim was to evaluate expression of genes involved in the biosynthesis of prostaglandins (PTG), Prostaglandin H Synthase-1 (PTGS1) and PTGS2, PGF synthase (PTGFS), and PGE synthase (PTGES), PGF receptor (PTGFR). PGE receptors (PTGER2 and FTGER4), prostaglandin transporter (SLCO2A1) and hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase-15 (HPGD). Endometrial biopsies were obtained from mares on day of ovulation (d0, n = 4), late diestrus (LD, n = 4), early luteolysis (EL n = 4) and after luteolysis (AL n = 4) during the cycle. Stages of the cycle were confirmed by plasma progesterone concentrations measured daily and ultrasound examinations. Biopsies were also taken on days 14 (P14; n = 4), 15 (P15. n = 4), 18 (P18, n = 4) and 22 (P22; n = 4) of pregnancy. Relative mRNA expressions were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. A mixed model was fitted on the normalized data and least significant difference test (alpha = 0.05) was employed. Expression of PTGS1 mRNA was low throughout the estrous cycle and early days of pregnancy, but upregulated on P18 and P22. PTGS2 expression was increased on EL but it was suppressed by pregnancy on P15, P18, and P22. PTGFS expression was upregulated in both cyclic and pregnant mares compared to d0 and its level was the highest on LD. PTGFR expression was transiently increased on LD and EL and was suppressed during early pregnancy. Both PTGES and PTGER2 expressions were increased on LD, El, and early pregnancy, but were decreased after the luteolysis in cyclic mares as they remained high on P18 and P22. PTGER4 expression did not change throughout the cycle and early pregnancy. Levels of HPGD and SLCO2A1 were significantly increased only on P22. In conclusion, PTGS2 expression increases around the time of luteolysis and concurrent upregulation of PTGFS and PTGES indicates that equine endometrium has increased capability of PTG production around the time of luteolysis. However, pregnancy reduces PTGS2 expression, but maintains the high levels of PTGES during early pregnancy along with PTGER2 while PTGFR expression was suppressed. These findings suggest that possible luteotrophic action of PGE(2) is required in early equine pregnancy. PTGS1 is only upregulated later in the early pregnancy suggesting that it is not involved in luteolysis, but could be the main PTGS enzyme at this time during early pregnancy. An increase in HPGD and SLCO2A1 levels on P22 indicates a tight regulation of PTG action by pregnancy. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Expression of enzymes and receptors of leukotriene pathway genes in equine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy(Elsevier Science Inc, 2013) Guzeloglu, Aydin; Atli, Mehmet O.; Kurar, Ercan; Kayis, Seyit A.; Handler, Johannes; Semacan, Ahmet; Aslan, SelimThe aims of the present study were to elucidate the expression profiles of leukotriene (LT) pathway mRNA transcription and to determine the possible interaction of LT and prostaglandin (PTG) pathways genes in equine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Endometrial biopsies were obtained from mares on the day of ovulation (d0), at late diestrous (LD, n = 4), and after luteolysis in the estrus phase (AL n = 4) of the cycle. Biopsies were also taken on Days 14 (P14; n = 4), 18 (P18, n = 4), and 22 (P22, n = 4) during early pregnancy that were comparable days to cyclic sampling days. A mixed model was fitted on the normalized relative mRNA levels, quantified by qPCR in duplicate, and least significant difference test was employed to detect significantly different group(s). In addition, to determine the degree of contribution of each gene to separation of treatment groups, the multivariate projection method partial least square regression discriminant analysis was used. The expression of 5-lipoxygenase mRNA was greater on d0 and LD, declined at AL, and was suppressed by early pregnancy. Leukotriene A(4) hydrolase mRNA expression increased at LD and during early pregnancy, but Was significantly greater at LD compared with P14. The expression of LT C-4 synthase mRNA was only induced at LD. Cysteinyl leukotriene receptors (CysLT1 and CysLT2) mRNA expressions were decreased by both cyclic changes and early pregnancy, whereas 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein and B leukotriene receptor mRNA expressions were not affected by early pregnancy or stages of the estrous cycle. Partial least square discriminant analysis suggests that LT and PTG pathway enzymes and receptors appear to behave similarly in terms of mRNA expression. In conclusion, the expression profiles of LT pathway genes are demonstrated in equine endometrium for the first time by the present study, and the present data suggest that LT pathway mRNA transcriptions are tightly regulated during early pregnancy in mares. (C) 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Expression of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Heparin-Binding EGF (HB-EGF) mRNA in Mare Endometrium(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2012) Atli, Mehmet Osman; Guzeloglu, Aydin; Kurar, Ercan; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Aslan, Selim; Semacan, Ahmet; Celik, SefaEGF and HB-EGF play crucial roles in embryonic development and peri-implantation. In this study, aim was to characterize expression profiles of EGF and HB-EGF in mare endometrium during estrous cycle and early pregnancy. Endometrium biopsies were obtained from mares on day of ovulation (d0), late diestrus (LD) and after luteolysis (AL) in the estrus phase. In pregnant groups, biopsies were taken on days 14 (P14), 18 (P18), 22 (P22) and 60 (P60). Relative expression levels of genes were quantified using real-time RT-PCR. A mixed model was fitted on the normalized data and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was employed to determine significantly different group(s). EGF mRNA expression was up-regulated at LD compared to d0 while HB-EGF expression was not changed throughout the cycle. EGF expression was also increased during early pregnancy with the highest expression level observed on P60. Similarly, HB-EGF mRNA level was increased on P60. Pregnancy induced EGF expression on P14 and P18 compared to LD and AL whereas expression of HB-EGF was only significantly higher on P18 than that of AL. These results indicate that EGF expression is up-regulated during the cycle at late diestrus when P4 is high and is increased by pregnancy. HB-EGF expression is induced later in the pregnancy. In conclusion, EGF and HB-EGF appear to involve in the events that happen in the mare endometrium during peri-implantation period.Öğe Expression of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF) mrna in mare endometrium(2012) Kurar, Ercan; Güzeloğlu, Aydın; Kayış, Seyit Ali; Çelik, Sefa; Aslan, Selim; Atlı, Mehmet Osman; Semacan, AhmetEGF ve HB-EGF implantasyon sırasında ve embriyonik gelişim esnasında çok önemli roller oynamaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, erken gebelik ve östrus siklusunda at endometriumunda EGF ve HB-EGF ekspresyon profilini karakterize etmektir. Endometrium biyopsileri östrustaki kısraklardan ovulasyon gününde (d0), geç diöstrusta (LD) ve luteolizis sonrası (AL) dönemlerde toplandı. Gebe kısraklardan ise gebeliğin 14. (P14), 18. (P18), 22. (P22) ve 60. (P60) günlerinde biyopsiler toplandı. Nispi mRNA ekspresyon seviyeleri real-time PZR kullanılarak tespit edildi. Normalize edilmiş veriler karışık model kullanılarak analiz edildi ve istatistiki olarak farklı olan gruplar Asgari Önemli Fark (AÖF) testi ile farklı gruplar tespit edildi. EGF mRNA ekspresyonu LD’de d0 göre artmasına rağmen, HB-EGF ekspresyonu siklus boyunca değişmedi. EGF ayrıca erken gebelik boyunca arttı ve en yüksek seviyeye 60. günde ulaştı. Benzer şekilde HB-EGF mRNA seviyesi 60. günde arttı. Gebelik, EGF ekspresyonunu 14. ve 18. günlerde LD ve AL göre arttırırken, HB-EGF sadece gebeliğin 18. gününde AL’e göre önemli oranda arttı. Bu sonuçlar, EGF’nin P4 seviyesinin yüksek olduğu geç diöstrusta ve gebeliğe bağlı olarak arttığını göstermektedir. HB-EGF ise gebeliğin daha ileri dönemlerinde uyarılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, kısrak endometriumunda EGF ve HB-EGF’nin peri-implantasyon dönemindeki görülen olaylara katıldığı gözlenmiştir.Öğe Expression of Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) Is Regulated by Early Pregnancy in the Mare Endometrium.(Soc Study Reproduction, 2010) Atli, Mehmet Osman; Kurar, Ercan; Kayis, Seyit A.; Aslan, Selim; Semacan, Ahmet; Celik, Sefa; Guzeloglu, Aydin[Abstract Not Available]Öğe İneklerde reprodüktif sürü idaresi programı kapsamında postpartum dönemin izlenmesi ve fertiliteye katkısı(2013) Kaya, Duygu; Ay, Serhan Serhat; Küçükaslan, İbrahim; Aslan, Selim; Ağaoğlu, Ali Reha; Gün, CanSunulan çalışmada, vücut kondisyon skoru (VKS) baz alınarak, düzenli yapılan postpartum (pp) kontrollerin ve tedavilerin sürü fertilitesi üzerine etkisi araştırıldı. Çalışmada 2-6 yaşlı, VKSsi 2.00-4.75 arasında olan 441 baş Holstein- Friesian ırkı inek, pp kontrolleri düzenli yapılan (GÇ; n=100) ve pp kontrolleri düzenli yapılmayan (GK; n=341) olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldı. Doğum anında ve pp 30 ve 45. gün kontrollerinde ineğin VKSsi, buzağının APGAR puanı, cinsiyeti ve doğum ağırlığı, doğumun niteliği (güç/normal) ve güçlük derecesi, yavru zarlarının atılma süresi, pp akıntının karakteri ve puerperal sorunlar kaydedildi. Yapılan düzenli kontrollerde belirlenen puerperal sorunlar uygun şekilde tedavi edildi. Çalışmada APGAR puanı en düşük (beş) olan buzağıların yaşama oranı da (%33.3) en düşük bulundu. Doğum güçlüğü dört olan hayvanların %77.8sinin VKS değerinin 3.25-4.75 arasında olduğu saptandı. Postpartum dönemde yüksek VKSli hayvanlarda (>3.50) endometritis (%46.6) ve subinvolüsyon (%66.7) oranlarının normal VKSli ineklerden (3.00-3.50) daha yüksek olduğu belirlendi. Postpartum kontrolleri düzenli yapılan grupta (GÇ) toplam gebelik oranı daha yüksek (P<0.05), doğum-ilk tohumlama aralığı ve doğum-gebe kalma aralığı daha kısa (P<0.001) bulundu. İnfertilite nedeniyle sürüden çıkarma oranı GÇde (%6.0) GKdan (%19.4) daha düşük bulundu (P<0.001). Sonuç olarak, işletmeye uygun şekilde reprodüktif sürü kontrol programının oluşturulup fertilite/infertilite kontrollerinin düzenli yapılmasının sürü reprodüktif performansını arttırdığı, herhangi bir pp sorun geliştiğinde yapılan kontrollerin ise reprodüktif performansı artırmada yeterli olmadığı ortaya koyuldu.Öğe PLS-DA approach for simultaneous evaluation of genes involved in luteolysis in equine endometrium during estrous cycle and early pregnancy(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Guzeloglu, Aydin; Kayis, Seyit A.; Atli, Mehmet O.; Kurar, Ercan; Semacan, Ahmet; Aslan, Selim[Abstract Not Available]Öğe Rating of putative housekeeping genes for quantitative gene expression analysis in cyclic and early pregnant equine endometrium(Elsevier Science Bv, 2011) Kayis, Seyit A.; Atli, Mehmet O.; Kurar, Ercan; Bozkaya, Faruk; Semacan, Ahmet; Aslan, Selim; Guzeloglu, AydinThe aim was an evaluation of a set of housekeeping genes (HKGs) to be used in the normalization of gene expression in the equine endometrium. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), hypoxanthine ribosyl transferase 1 (HPRT1), ubiquitin B (UBB), tubulin alpha 1 (TUBA1), ribosomal protein L32 (RPL32), beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), 18S rRNA (18S), and 285 rRNA (28S) HKGs were evaluated using real-time PCR and were compared in different physiological stages of the endometrium. Endometrial biopsies were obtained from mares on day of ovulation (d0, n = 4), at late diestrus (LD, n = 4), after luteolyis (AL, n = 4) of the cycle and on days 14 (P14; n = 3), 18 (P18, n = 3) and 22 (P22; n = 3) of pregnancy. A model based on REML with support of descriptive statistics was proposed in accordance with experimental design and was further confirmed with principal component analysis (PCA). Results were compared with widely used software including geNorm, BestKeeper, and NormFinder. Results indicated that GAPDH was the most stable HKG and RPL32 was ranked as the second best. 18S and 285 were found to be the least stable. The proposed model, PCA, geNorm, and BestKeeper were in agreement in detecting the most stable and the least stable HKGs in the equine endometrium during the estrous cycle and early pregnancy. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Uterine and placental distribution of selected extracellular matrix (ECM) components in the dog(Society for Reproduction and Fertility, 2018) Graubner, Felix R; Boos, Alois; Aslan, Selim; Kücükaslan, İbrahim; Kowalewski, Mariusz PFor many years, modifications of the uterine extracellular matrix (ECM) during gestation have not been considered as critical for successful canine (Canis lupus familiaris) pregnancy. However, previous reports indicated an effect of free-floating blastocysts on the composition of the uterine ECM. Here, the expression of selected genes involved in structural functions, cell-to-cell communication and inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases were targeted utilizing qPCR and immunohistochemistry. We found that canine free-floating embryos affect gene expression of FN1, ECM1 and TIMP4. This seems to be associated with modulation of trophoblast invasion, and proliferative and adhesive functions of the uterus. Although not modulated at the beginning of pregnancy, the decrease of structural ECM components (i.e. COL1, -3, -4 and LAMA 2) from pre-implantation toward post-implantation at placentation sites appears to be associated with softening of the tissue in preparation for trophoblast invasion. The further decrease of these components at placentation sites at the time of prepartum luteolysis seems to be associated with preparation for the release of fetal membranes. Reflecting a high degree of communication, intercellular cell adhesion molecules are induced following placentation (Cx26) or increase gradually toward prepartum luteolysis (Cx43). The spatio-temporal expression of TIMPs suggests their active involvement in modulating fetal invasiveness, and together with ECM1, they appear to protect deeper endometrial structures from trophoblast invasion. With this, the dog appears to be an interesting model for investigating placental functions in other species, e.g. in humans in which Placenta accreta appears to share several similarities with canine subinvolution of placental sites (SIPS). In summary, the canine uterine ECM is only moderately modified in early pregnancy, but undergoes vigorous reorganization processes in the uterus and placenta following implantation.
