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    Investigation of Cuckoo-Pint's (Arum maculatum) phytochemistry, in vitro antioxidant potential, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial activity
    (John Wiley and Sons Inc., 2024) Aslan, Kübra; Kelle, Kader; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Kopar, Emre Erden; Gülçin, İlhami
    Arum maculatum, cuckoo-pint in folk linguistics, is a poisonous but medicinal plant with tremendous properties that need investigation. This study subjected cuckoo-pint's parts to in vitro antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing to investigate its biological activity. Further, phytochemistry was analyzed by both LC–MS/MS and total phenol, flavonoid, saponin, and reducing sugar content determination assays. Antioxidant activities were determined by Fe3+, Cu2+, Fe3+-TPTZ metal-reducing ability, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2ʹ-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. According to the results, seeds and berries have remarkable metal-reducing and radical-scavenging effects as natural and synthetic analogs such as ascorbic acid, butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, trolox, and α-tocopherol. Inhibition studies over human carbonic anhydrase II (hCA II), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), and α-amylase were performed, and IC50 values were determined for each enzyme inhibition. According to the results, the cuckoo-pint seeds inhibited the AChE, BChE, and hCA II activity with greater IC50 values than reference inhibitors. Antimicrobial activity over pan-resistant strains was achieved for each strain with the extracts, at least 20 mm zone diameter was obtained with the lowest concentrations. LC–MS/MS results revealed 24 bioactive metabolites associated with the extracts’ biological activity. Notably, quinic acid and epicatechin correlated with cardioprotective, neuroprotective, antioxidant, and antidiabetic activity.