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    Daidzein alleviated the pathologies in intestinal tissue against ischemia-reperfusion
    (Verduci Publisher, 2023) Durgun, C.; Asir, F.
    - OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of daidzein against intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar albino rats with a mean weight of 200-250 gr were used. Animals were categorized into sh-am, ischemia-reperfusion (IR), and IR+Daidzein group. 3-hour ischemia of intestine was created by occluding superior mesenteric artery and then left for 3-hour reperfusion. In IR+daidze-in group, after ischemia, 50 mg/kg daidzein was orally administered to the animals. Blood sam-les were collected for biochemical assays. Intestine tissues were excised for histopathologic and immunohistochemical processing.RESULTS: Malondialdehyde (MDA) increased, and Catalase (CAT) and Glutathione (GSH) de-creased after IR in intestine tissue. Daidzein treatment decreased MDA and increased CAT and GSH level in IR+Daidzein group. Histopathologically, sham group showed normal intestinal tissue histology. In IR group, epithelial and villi degeneration, edema, leukocyte infiltration, vascular dilatation and congestion was observed. After Daidzein treatment, these pathologies were improved. The caspase-6 expression was mainly negative in sham group. After IR, caspase-6 reaction was very high in IR group. Daidzein reduced caspase-6 expression in IR+-Daidzein group. Ki67 immune staining was negative in the sham group. In IR group, Ki67 ex-pression was increased in inflammatory cells, deep glandular cells and in some goblet cell nuclei. In IR+ Daidzein group, Ki67 expression was decreased due to reduced inflammation.CONCLUSIONS: IR injury causes oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation. Daidzein treatment improved histopathology against intestinal IR.
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    Investigation of the relationship between plasma ghrelin levels and muscle atrophy in experimental diabetic rats
    (Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2024) Kesim, D. Aygun; Kelle, M.; Asir, F.; Kaya, H. Kayhan; Diken, H.; Gokdemir, G. S.; Direk, F. Koc
    In this study, the relationship between plasma ghrelin levels and muscle atrophy was examined in an experimental diabetic rat model. 56 male Wistar albino rats, aged 8-10 weeks, were used in the study. The rats were divided into 8 groupsD1: one -week diabetes, C1: one -week control, D2: three-week diabetes, C2: three-week control, D3: six -week diabetes, C3: six -week control, D4: eight -week diabetes, C4: eight -week control. To induce diabetes, rats were injected with a single intraperitoneal dose of 45 mg/kg streptozotocin. At the end of the experiments, body weights and fasting blood sugar levels were measured. mTOR and myostatin levels of gastrocnemius muscle and plasma ghrelin levels were measured by ELISA method. Gastrocnemius muscle weight, cross-sectional area and histopathological images were examined. It was observed that the gastrocnemius weights of the D2, D3, D4 groups decreased significantly compared to their controls (p <= 0.01). Muscle cross-sectional area decreased significantly in groups D3 and D4 compared to controls (p <= 0.01). Muscle mTOR levels were found to be significantly lower in all diabetic groups compared to controls (p <= 0.01). Although muscle myostatin levels were higher in the diabetic groups, this increase was only significant in the D4 group. Plasma ghrelin levels were significantly lower in all diabetic groups compared to controls (p <= 0.01). A positive correlation was determined between plasma ghrelin levels and the final weights, muscle cross-sectional area, gastrocnemius weights and mTOR levels of the rats. Time -dependent muscle atrophy developed in diabetic rats and there was a relationship between muscle atrophy and plasma ghrelin level. We suggest that ghrelin plays a role in diabetes -induced muscle atrophy as well as cachexia and sarcopenia.
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    Melatonin prevents nicotine-induced hepatotoxicity by modulating apoptosis and histopathological changes in rats
    (Polska Akad Nauk, Polish Acad Sciences, Univ Warmia & Mazury Olsztyn, 2024) Sengul, S. A.; Taskin, I. Icen; Asir, F.; Sakar, A. Eraslan; Sengul, G. Pektanc
    Nicotine, the main toxic component of tobacco, directly or indirectly causes adverse effects on the liver metabolism. Melatonin, secreted by the pineal gland, has anti-apoptotic activity as well as antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to reveal the antiapoptotic effects of melatonin in rats with experimentally induced chronic liver damage with nicotine. In this study, 32 male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: control, melatonin, nicotine and nicotine+melatonin. During the experiment, nicotine (1 mg/kg) and melatonin (10 mg/kg) were administered daily intraperitoneally for 56 days. At the end of the study, the liver tissues were taken for histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analysis. The administration of melatonin was determined to partially alleviate histopathological changes in the liver tissue induced by nicotine, such as hepatocyte degeneration, vascular dilatation and congestion, and leukocyte infiltration. It was observed that there was a significant decrease in Bax expression levels and a significant increase in Bcl-2 expression levels in the nicotine+melatonin group when compared to the injury group. On the other hand, it was determined that melatonin administration reduced the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, which was significantly higher in the nicotine group compared to the other groups, to a level close to the control group. Additionally, as a result of immunohistochemical evaluation, it was observed that decreased Bax expression and increased Bcl-2 expression in hepatocytes in the nicotine+melatonin group were at a level close to the control group. Our results revealed that melatonin is a hepatoprotective and effective antioxidant by suppressing cell apoptosis and increasing the rate of healing after damage at both the immunohistochemical and molecular levels.
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    Role of cited-1 and caspase-6 expression in HELLP syndrome
    (Verduci Publisher, 2023) Ocal, E.; Akalin, S. Alkan; Asir, F.
    OBJECTIVE: In this study, we investigated the immunohistochemical staining of cited-1 and caspase-6 expression in the placentas of pregnant women with HELLP syndrome.PATIENTS AND METHODS: Placentas of 20 normotensive patients and 20 women with HELLP syndrome were processed for routine histological tissue processing. The biochemical and clinical parameters of patients were record-ed. Placentas were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and cited-1 and caspase-6 immunostaining.RESULTS: Placentas of normotensive patients showed normal histology. Placentas of women with HELLP syndrome showed degenerated cells, hyalinization and vacuolization. Cited-1 ex-pression was negative in normotensive group; however, it was increased in HELLP group, especially in decidual cells, endothelial cells and other placental cells. Caspase-6 expression was negative in placental structures of normotensive groups. However, it was intense in decidual cells, vacuolar and hyalinized areas, inflammatory cells and connective tissue cells in HELLP group.CONCLUSIONS: Cited-1 and caspase-6 are a marker in determining the severity of HELLP syndrome.