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Öğe Aggressive behavior in cats exposed to trauma(Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, 2022) Yayla, S.; Altan, S.; Ersöz-Kanay, B.; Çatalkaya, E.; Saylak, N.Aggressive behavior is an important behavioral problem in cats. This issue can occur as a reaction when there is disease or pain in a normal cat. The aetiology of the agressive behavior is beyond disease and pain. The aim of this study is to evaluate the behavior changes of cats exposed to trauma using behavior scoring system and demeanour scoring system. This study is consisted of 135 cats of different breeds, ages and genders with high rise syndrome and traffic accidents. These cats were given a detailed clinical and radiological examination. Demeanour scoring system, behavior tests, and visual analog scale were used to identify behavior changes and pain in cats. The findings from this study showed that cats exposed to trauma may experience behavioral changes or agression, and this may result from pain or stress from trauma.Öğe Clinical Experience of Interlocking Nail Stabilization of Long Bone Fractures in Dogs - A Retrospective Study of 26 Cases(Israel Veterinary Medical Assoc, 2017) Arican, M.; Alkan, F.; Altan, S.; Parlak, K.; Yavru, N.The aim of the study is to report the clinical and radiographic outcome after use of an interlocking nail (ILN) for stabilization of long bone fractures in dogs. Twenty-six dogs were evaluated. There were ten femoral fractures, 12 tibial fractures and four humeral fractures. The equipment was manufactured by Orthovet (Orthovet, Izmir, Turkey). Three ILN lengths with three different diameters (4, 6 and 8 mm) were used. Each ILN had a trocar tip on one end and four screw holes (two distal and two proximal). Ten fractures (four femoral, five tibial, one humeral) were associated with other orthopedic problems. Nine (39.1%) patients had aseptic nonunion and malunion fractures. A static fixation mode was used for nine fractures and a dynamic fixation mode was used in 17 (65.3%). The surgical time recorded was 45-52 minutes. Three dogs had a major complication requiring surgical intervention. At 6 months, the functional outcome was excellent in 15 (57.6%) animals, good in seven (26.9%), fair in three (11.5%), and poor in one (3.8). In conclusion, the use of ILNs to repair diaphyseal fractures of the femur, tibia, and humerus in dogs resulted in a good or excellent functional outcome in most patients.Öğe Plasma and synovial fluid pharmacokinetics of cefquinome following the administration of multiple doses in horses(Wiley, 2017) Uney, K.; Altan, F.; Altan, S.; Erol, H.; Arican, M.; Elmas, M.The plasma and synovial fluid pharmacokinetics and safety of cefquinome, a 2-amino-5-thiazolyl cephalosporin, were determined after multiple intravenous administrations in sixteen healthy horses. Cefquinome was administered to each horse through a slow i.v. injection over 20min at 1, 2, 4, and 6mg/kg (n=4 horses per dose) every 12h for 7days (a total of 13 injections). Serial blood and synovial fluid samples were collected during the 12h after the administration of the first and last doses and were analyzed by a high-performance liquid chromatography assay. The data were evaluated using noncompartmental pharmacokinetic analyses. The estimated plasma pharmacokinetic parameters were compared with the hypothetical minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values (0.125-2g/mL). The plasma and synovial fluid concentrations and area under the concentration-time curves (AUC) of cefquinome showed a dose-dependent increase. After a first dose of cefquinome, the ranges for the mean plasma half-life values (2.30-2.41h), the mean residence time (1.77-2.25h), the systemic clearance (158-241mL/h/kg), and the volume of distribution at steady-state (355-431mL/kg) were consistent across dose levels and similar to those observed after multiple doses. Cefquinome did not accumulate after multiple doses. Cefquinome penetrated the synovial fluid with AUC(synovial fluid)/AUC(plasma) ratios ranging from 0.57 to 1.37 after first and thirteenth doses, respectively. Cefquinome is well tolerated, with no adverse effects. The percentage of time for which the plasma concentrations were above the MIC was >45% for bacteria, with MIC values of 0.25, 0.5, and 1g/mL after the administration of 1, 2, and 4 or 6mg/kg doses of CFQ at 12-h intervals, respectively. Further studies are needed to determine the optimal dosage regimes in critically ill patients.Öğe Topical dimethyl sulfoxide inhibits corneal neovascularization and stimulates corneal repair in rabbits following acid burn(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2017) Altan, S.; Sagsoz, H.; Ogurtan, Z.Neovascularization of the cornea is characterized by the growth of blood vessels caused by imbalances between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors. We investigated whether the expression of Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGF), Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) receptors, as well as topical drug treatments, participate in regulating corneal neovascularization after corneal damage and remodeling. We used 72 mature male New Zealand rabbits. Corneal burns were induced by hydrofluoric acid under general anesthesia. The rabbits then were treated with indomethacin or dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The animals were euthanized on days 2, 7 and 14 after injury. Each cornea was fixed with 10% neutral formalin. On days 2, 7 and 14, VEGF, flk1/KDR and flt1/fms were strongly expressed in the epithelial, stromal and inflammatory cells, but not in the corneal endothelial cells. On day 7, newly formed blood vessels were observed growing toward the center of the cornea. In the control, indomethacin treated, DMSO-treated, and indomethacin + DMSO-treated animals, VEGI, VEGF, and the receptors, flk1/KDR, flt1/fms and flt4, were expressed at different densities in the neovascular regions. This was particularly evident in the indomethacin- and indomethacin + DMSO-treated groups on days 7 and 14, compared to day 2. Treatment with VEGF and DMSO stimulated repair of corneal damage. We suggest that VEGI in the endothelial cells of neovascularized cornea may act as a signaling protein that promotes balance between cell proliferation and apoptosis. Topical administration of DMSO inhibited corneal neovascularization more effectively than indomethacin.
