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Öğe Effects of 2, 4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on blood anti-oxidant / oxidant balance and on tissues in lambs(2010) Aytekn I.; Onmaz A.C.; Alp H.; Ulucan A.In this study, the effects of the common herbicide 2,4-D (dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) on blood antioxidant / oxidant status and on various organs were investigated in Sakiz crossbred lambs. For that, 6 lambs were poisoned accidentally with the herbicide whereas 6 other healthy animals served as negative controls and plasma MDA and GSH concentrations as well as serum ascorbate, retinol and ?-carotene concentrations were determined by spectrophotometry two days later. In parallel, conventional histological analysis was performed on lungs, liver, kidney and heart from a lamb dead after 2,4-D exposure. Blood antioxidant/oxidant balance was altered due to a significant increase of MDA concentrations coupled to a significant decrease of GSH concentrations in intoxicated lambs compared to controls. Congestive lesions and some haemorrhages were evidenced in lungs and kidneys and cell degeneration associated with lymphocyte infiltrate were observed in liver, kidneys and in heart. These results highly suggest that the herbicide 2.4-D induces an oxidative stress leading to cell destructions and tissue injury.Öğe Effects of accidental ammonium Sulphate poisoning on antioxidant / oxidant status in lambs(2011) Aytekin I.; Onmaz A.C.; Ulucan A.; Alp H.In this study, the effects of the ammonium sulphate intoxication on the blood antioxidant /oxidant status were investigated in Sakiz crossbred Iambs. For that, circulating blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), ?-carotene, retinol and ceruloplasmin concentrations were measured in 6 lambs accidentally poisoned with ammonium sulphate and in 6 healthy control lambs. Oral treatment with 10% glutamic acid (lg/kg), 2.5% acetic acid (2.5 mL/kg) and vitamin A (400 IU/kg) was daily administered to diseased animals for five days. Poisoned lambs exhibited neurological signs (sleepiness, ataxia, tonic and clonic spasms) coupled to a rumen atony and acceleration of heart and respiratory rates compared to healthy controls. Biochemically, the circulating MDA, NO and BUN concentrations were markedly increased and the GSH, ?-carotene and vitamin A concentrations were significantly depressed compared to healthy controls whereas the ceruloplasmin concentrations were not significantly altered. After treatment, clinical and biochemical signs were significantly alleviated but, however 2 lambs died. For them, the histopathological examinations after haematoxylin-eosin staining revealed cell degeneration in liver, lungs and kidney associated to mononuclear cell infiltrates and proliferation of Küpffer cells. These results clearly showed the occurrence of an oxidative stress induced by ammonium sulphate poisoning leading to cell damage and proved the efficiency of a treatment based on organic acids and retinol supplementation.Öğe Effects of cafeic acid phenethyl ester, ellagic acid, sulforaphane and curcumin on diazinon induced damage to the lungs, liver and kidneys in an acute toxicity rat model(Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2011) Alp H.; Aytekin I.; Esen H.; Basarali K.; Kul S.The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective efects of cafeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), ellagic acid (EA), sulforaphane (SFN) and curcumin (CUR) against the toxic efects of diazinon (DI). Sixty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into 10 groups. Five groups were allocated as control groups comprising unmedicated control, CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR control groups. The remaining five groups were the study groups comprising DI, DI + CAPE, DI + EA, DI + SFN, and DI + CUR groups. The animals were sacrified 24 h after drug administrations. DI caused a decrease in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity (P<0.05) and increases in ?-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and amylase activities. It also damaged the kidney, liver, and lung tissues. The negative efects of DI on these enzymes were confirmed histopathologically. Also, CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR reduced amylase and GGT activities and caused an increase in the AChE activities that were increased due to the toxic efects of DI. Thus, it was determined biochemically and histopathologically that these medication reduced the degenerative toxic efects created by DI in the lung, liver and kidney tissues. These findings led us to believe that CAPE, EA, SFN and CUR may be used as protective medicines in acute DI intoxication.Öğe Effects of Malathion in fetal kidney tissues in pregnant rats: Teratogenic effects induced by different doses(Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2012) Alp H.; Sak M.E.; Evsen M.S.; Firat U.; Evliyaoglu O.; Penbegul N.; Sancaktutar, Ahmet AliThe aim of this study was to investigate the teratogenic effects of Malathion (ML) induced by different doses on fetal kidney tissues in pregnant rats. A total of 28 Sprague-Dawley pregnant rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 7 rats each. Depending on ML dose, four groups were formed, including (I) control, (II) ML 2.5 (ML 2.5 mg/kg/day, orally), (III) ML 5 (5 mg/kg/day, orally), and (IV) ML 10 (10 mg/kg/day, orally). ML application started when the male and female were put together (when mating started). Daily ML application was continued until birth. It was determined that in parallel with dose of ML, ML resulted in toxic effects on serum enzymes (acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE), amylase and lipase) and kidney tissues of pregnant rats, and also -regardless of ML dose in fetal kidneys- it led to teratogenic effects in all the doses. Biochemical data wasconfirmed by histopathologic data. We concluded that ML leads to kidney damage in both pregnant and fetal rats as a result of its teratogenic and toxic effects.Öğe Hepatitis A seroprevalence in a random sample of the Turkish population by simultaneous EPI cluster and comparison with surveys in Turkey(Turkish Journal of Pediatrics, 2002) Kanra G.; Tezcan S.; Badur S.; Turkish National Study Team; Alp H.; Bulut A.; Şükrü C.This study was conducted to determine the hepatitis A virus (HAV) seroprevalence in nine provinces representative of Turkey as a whole. These provinces are representative of the country's geographical location, and demographic, economic and social characteristics. In each province, sample sizes were determined using published data on HAV seroprevalence, and sample sizes for each province and for the cluster were calculated for each group of subjects under the age of 30 for seroprevalence estimates within a 95% confidence interval. The samples were selected by a cluster method, and the planned recruitment was a total of 4,800 subjects, including 600 subjects each from five large provinces (Istanbul, Ankara, Izmir, Adana, Diyarbakir) and 450 subjects from each of the remaining four provinces (Samsun, Erzurum, Trabzon, Edirne). These numbers were distributed in accordance with the percentages for age groups in five-year increments starting from age five for the population under the age of 30 living in the rural and urban areas in each province. This study of 4,462 subjects under the age of 30 in nine provinces of Turkey identified an overall HAV seroprevalence rate of 71.3%. The distribution of HAV seroprevalences by age showed a steady increase from one year of age from 42.7% to 91.1% at 25-29 years of age. HAV seroprevalence was slightly higher in female subjects (73%) than in male subjects (69.3%). By educational status, seroprevalences were comparable except in young children under age six. Seroprevalence was notably higher in large families with six and more members (80.1%) than in small families with five or fewer members (66.7%). According to our study results, 50% of Tarkish children are seropositive for HAV by the age of 10 years. We believe the date support the need for a routine primary immunization policy in Turkey and the development of effective prophylactic programs after possible exposure. Consequently, an immunization policy can be developed for each region according to its epidemiological conditions. © 2002, Turkish Journal of Pediatrics. All rights reserved.Öğe Hepatitis B and measles seroprevalence among Turkish children(2005) Kanra G.; Tezcan S.; Badur S.; Alp H.; Bulut A.; Cin S.; Mocan G.This study was performed to determine hepatitis B and measles seroprevalence among the population under 30 years of age in Turkey. Blood samples of 2,683 subjects from eight provinces of Turkey were studied. Measles IgG was determined by hemagglutinin inhibition method, and hepatitits B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and anti-hepatitis B core antibodies (anti-HBc) were determined by ELISA method. Overall seropositivity for measles was found to be 59.6%. There was a significant difference in seropositivity among provinces. The seropositivity was found to increase with age. The overall seropositivities for HBsAg, anti-HBs and anti-HBc were found to be 5.4%, 17% and 15.1 %, respectively. The seroprevalences differed significantly among provinces. Although seroprevalence for anti-HBs and anti-HBc increased with age, HBsAg seropositivity did not change significantly after one year of age. Seroprevalence was not affected by sex. It was concluded that every effort should be given to vaccinate infants as early as possible for hepatitis B and that the coverage of infancy measles vaccination should be increased with a second dose.Öğe Protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester in rat cerebral ischemia/reperfusion damage(Turkish Neurosurgical Society, 2011) Uzar E.; Acar A.; Firat U.; Evliyaoğlu O.; Alp H.; Tüfek A.; Yavuz C.Objective: Because oxidative stress is related to cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury, modulation of oxygen free radical production may represent a new approach to the management of cerebral I/R. Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) has been determined to have neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. The aim of this study was to investigate whether CAPE has a protective effect on cerebral I/R damage, and to determine the possible effects of CAPE on total antioxidant/oxidant status. Methods: A total of 30 rats were randomly divided into three groups as control group, I/R group, and I/R + CAPE. Total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels and histopathological cellular structures were evaluated in cerebral tissues obtained after the experiment procedure in all groups. Results: In the brain tissue, TOS and OSI levels were found to be significantly increased in the I/R group compared to the controls (p= 0.023, p= 0.001, respectively). Significantly decreased TAS levels were found in the I/R group compared to the controls (p= 0.001). CAPE treatment prevented the increase in TOS and OSI that is produced by cerebral I/R (p= 0.041, p= 0.001, respectively). TAS was found to be increased in the CAPE + I/R group compared with the I/R group (p= 0.002). In the I/R group, the brain sections showed findings of cerebral I/R damage including inflammation, vascular congestion and necrosis (for both variables, p= 0.001). These histopathological cerebral damage findings were found to be significantly reduced in the CAPE + I/R group compared to the I/R group (for both parameters, p< 0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was found that oxidative stress had an important role in the pathogenesis of cerebral I/R damage, and histopathological and biochemical evaluations showed significantly decreased I/R damage following CAPE treatment in rats.Öğe Synthesis, spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of novel transition metal complexes with N,N'-bis(2-hydroxynaphthalin-1-carbaldehydene)-1,3-bis-(o- aminophenoxy)propane(2007) Temel H.; Ilhan S.; Aslanoglu M.; Alp H.A novel Schiff base obtained by the reaction of 1,3-bis-(o-aminophenoxy) propane and 2-hydroxynaphthalin-1-carbaldehyde, forms complexes with Co(II), Cu(II) and Ni(II). The Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes have been characterized by elemental analysis, microanalytical data, magnetic measurements, UV-visible, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR-spectra as well as conductance measurements. Electrochemical data show that NiL and CuL complexes undergo metal based quasi-reversible one-electron redox processes. However, metal complexes also exhibit ligand based irreversible redox waves. The electrochemical results also indicate that the electron transfer rate is higher for NiL complex than the CuL complex. Voltammetric data reveal easier electron donor properties for the NiL complex.Öğe The treatment of catties with dermatofitozis via enilconazole(2009) Aytekin I.; Alp H.; Mamak N.; Aslan S.Study material consisted as 15 experiment and 8 control, totally 23 cattle that possessed by 2 breeders and together housed in Afyonkarahisar province, Suhut district, Kilickaya village; despite vaccine used two times for medicinal purpose displaying no recovery; aged at between 3 and 12 months, diagnosed as dermatofitosis by clinically and microbiological. Being clinical for dermatofitosis the animals in experiment and control groups were examined if there were lesions on the head and derm or not and was categorized as light, bland and acute according to its frequency. The clinical status were examined according to the localization, amplitude and number of lesions. During the study any change was done in condition of animal care, nutrition and shelter. The experiment group was made up 15 cattle; two of them were examined as light, five of them were examined as bland and eight of them were examined as acute and the control group was made up 8 cattle; one of them was examined as light, third of them were examined as bland, fourth of them were examined as acute. Ten percent Enilconazole solution was applied in 4 mg kg-1 dose three days apart as externally to the animals in experiment group. The first application to entire body of the animal and the subsequent 4 applications were done externally in the style of spray to the parts where the dermatofitosis lesions were appeared. The cattle in the control group weren't applied any therapy. Following the drug administration, in second and fourth weeks a decrease in the keratinized tissues and becoming pilosity were observed in the lesional parts in all experiment group animals. It was seen in the 6th week that keratinized tissues completely decreased, pilosity became dense and the healing was faster. It was determined in the 8th week that lesions recovered completely. It was seen that when any application was made to the control groups animal there were no change in dermatofitosis lesions. As a result, it was of the opinion that owing to easy using, being curative in a short time and being economic of the 10% enilconazole solution was a useful and an alternative medicine for the dermatofitosis therapy in the cattle. © Medwell Journals, 2009.
