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Öğe Determination of the efficiencies of the prokinetics in ruminants with postoperative ileus using pro-inflammatory markers(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018) Altan, Semih; Dönmez, Kaan; Altan, Feray; Alkan, FahrettinBackground: Recently, the role of inflammation triggered by handling of the intestine various gastrointestinal (GI) surgeries is generally accepted as the key event in postoperative ileus (POI). Because, prokinetics have been increased the smooth muscle contractions and may act by attenuating the inflammatory process in the GI tract, they have been used the treatment of POI in human and animals. There are many in vivo analysis techniques of GI motility. However, there have not yet been studied associated with the evaluation of the inflammatory response. Therefore, it was aimed to evaluate the efficiencies of 3 different prokinetics from inflammatory response during experimentally-induced POI. Materials, Methods & Results: Twenty healthy lambs (30-45 days old) were randomly assigned to four groups. In all groups, enterotomy was performed on the ileum. Erythromycin and metoclopramide were administered to the ERT and MET groups before the surgery, respectively, while lidocaine was administered to the LID group as bolus before and continuous rate infusion during the surgery. Physiological saline was administered to the lambs in control group as placebo before the surgery. Blood samples were collected before surgery (?30-45 min), at the end of surgery (0 h), and at the postoperative 1, 3, 5, 10, 48, 72 and 96 h. The concentrations of serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (HPT), fibrinogen (FIB) as acute phase proteins (APPs), thiobarbituric acide reactant substrate (TBARs), myeloperoxidase (MPO) as reactive oxygen species, and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-?) as a cytokine were measured with ELISA reader. In terms of time points, it was found that FIB was statistically higher in ERT group at the 1st h, in MET and LID groups at the 10th h, and in LID group at the 48th and in MET group at the 72 h (P < 0.05). It was found that SAA was higher in MET group at the 1st, 3rd, 5th, 10th, 24th, 48th and 72nd h. HPT was higher in CNTR group until 72th h and MET group at 48th, 72nd and 96th h. TBARs concentrations were statistically higher in MET and LID groups at 0 hour, in ERT and MET groups at the 1st h, in MET group at the 3rd h, in MET and LID groups at the 5th and 10th h, in MET group at the 48th, 72nd and 96th h (P < 0.05). MPO concentrations was higher in LID group at the 3rd, 5th, 10th and 96th h, and in ERT group at the 72nd h (P < 0.05). TGF-? concentrations were particularly high in MET group at the 3rd, 5th, 48th and 72nd h, and in LID group at the 10th, 24th, and 96th h (P < 0.05). Discussion: APPs (HPT, SAA, FIB), which are important regulators of inflammation in cows and sheep, were higher generally in MET and LID groups and inflammation persists in these two groups and, therefore, metoclopramide and lidocaine are less effective in early postoperative POI treatment. Because, significant increase in serum TBARs and MPO concentrations was considered as an important indicator of oxidative stress and inflammatory response MPO concentrations was particularly high until 10th h in LID group, and TBARs concentrations was high both MET and LID groups throughout the study, this was correlated with higher neutrophil infiltration in the postoperative early period than the other groups. It is known that TGF-?, an inflammatory cytokine, is correlated with various smooth muscle disorders in humans. In this study, TGF-? concentration were higher in the MET and LID groups. High concentration of this cytokine might have led to decrease contractions in smooth muscles, thereby slowing down the intestinal transition. In conclusion, based on the presence of pro-inflammatory markers in this study, erythromycin seems to be the most suitable prokinetic drug in lambs. Moreover, lidocaine and metoclopramide are not as successful in small ruminants as reported in other species.Öğe Ectopic Reticulum in a Cow(Univ Agriculture, Fac Veterinary Science, 2016) Altan, Semih; Koc, Yilmaz; Alkan, Fahrettin; Erol, Muharrem; Yildiz, RamazanA two years-old Holstein cow with poor appetite, reduced milk production, and partial defecation was evaluated in the present case report. After routine laboratory and clinical examinations, the animal further received ultrasound examination and then a right fossa paralumbal exploratory laparotomy was performed to the cow. The cow was diagnosed with ectopic reticulum on the laparotomy. After the content of the reticulum was removed, liquid paraffin was administered into the reticulum and its wall and abdominal wall was sutured as routinely. The prognosis of the animal deteriorated gradually following to the laparotomy and it was slaughtered by its owner. This is the first report showing the presence of an ectopic reticulum in a cow. (C) 2016 PVJ. All rights reservedÖğe The effects of three different prokinetic drugs on the motility hormones level in lambs with postoperative ileus(TUBITAK, 2018) Altan, Semih; Dönmez, Kaan; Altan, Feray; Alkan, FahrettinThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the three different prokinetic agents, namely erythromycin, lidocaine, and metoclopramide in lambs with postoperative ileus (POI) using motilin and ghrelin, which are known as motility markers. Twenty lambs were allocated to 4 groups of 5 lambs each. An enterotomy was performed on the ileum of each lamb. Erythromycin (8.8 mg/ kg), metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg), and saline (2 mL) were administered as single dose IM before surgery in the ERT, MET, and CNTR groups, respectively. Lidocaine was administered to the LID group, both as a bolus before (1.3 mg/kg IV) and as a continuous rate infusion during surgery (0.05 mg/kg/h IV). Serum motilin and ghrelin concentrations as motility hormones were measured with ELISA. The serum motilin concentration was significantly higher at 0, 1, 3, 5, 10, 24, and 48 h in the ERT group and at 1 and 10 h in the LID group. The serum ghrelin concentration was significantly higher at 0, 1, and 48 h in the ERT group and at 3, 5, 10, 24, and 48 h in the LID group. As a result, erythromycin and lidocaine was thought to be useful in lambs with POI according to the stimulatory effects on the motility hormones.Öğe Evaluation of bacterial translocation in cats undergoing laparotomy(2022) Zamirbekova, Nuriza; Alkan, Fahrettin; Akyol, Eyup Tolga; Parlak, Kurtuluş; Alp, Simten Yeşilmen; Uzunlu, Elgin Orçum; Altan, SemihAim: This study aimed to evaluate the presence of bacterial translocation (BT) in cats undergoing laparotomy procedures for pathologies that are thought to increase intra-abdominal pressure or pressurize the intestinal wall. Materials and Methods: Twenty-five cats were evaluated that refered to Selcuk University Animal Hospital for laparotomy after the clinical, laboratory, ultrasonographic and radiographic examinations. Sterile swab samples were taken from the peritoneal fluid and an appropriate mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) immediately after reaching the abdominal region during the laparatomy. Identification of bacterial strains was carried out and bacterial spectra were analyzed. Antibiotic resistance of bacterial strains was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: BT was diagnosed in 4 (16%) of 25 cats as a result of deteriorated intestinal perfusion due to foreign body. It was determined that 2 of the BT were isolated from swap samples taken from only MLNs and 2 of them were isolated from swap samples taken from both the peritoneal cavity and MLNs. It was determined that 50% of the bacteria growing in the peritoneum were E. faecalis (n=2) and 50% were E. faecium. It was determined that the bacteria growing in the MLNs formed P. fluorescens and E. faecalis. Conclusion: BT should be considered in the presence of pathologies that affect intra-abdominal pressure or affect the intestinal wall. It is thought that the suspicion of bacterial translocation should increase in pathologies that directly affectthe intestinal wall. Itis thoughtthatthe use of specific antibiotics will be more positive in terms of prognosis by performing an antibiogram.Öğe Impact of bacterial translocation in calves with atresia coli(Wiley, 2018) Altan, Semih; Koc, Yilmaz; Alkan, Fahrettin; Sayin, Zafer; Erol, MuharremObjective - To identify whether enteric bacteria pass into the mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and peritoneal cavity in calves with atresia coli and to evaluate whether the presence of bacterial translocation (BT) has an impact on the success of surgical treatment. Design - Prospective clinical study. Animals - Twenty-six client-owned calves. Interventions - During laparotomy, swab samples were collected from the peritoneal cavity and MLNs using a sterile swab stick and were submitted for microbiological analysis. Measurements and Main Results - Bacterial cultures of swab samples revealed that 65% (n = 17) of the calves experienced BT. Of these, 14 calves experienced BT to the MLNs, 9 to the peritoneal cavity, and 5 to both regions. Of the bacteria isolated from the MLNs, 72% (n = 10) were Escherichia coli. Of the samples isolated from the peritoneal fluid, 33% (n = 3) contained E. coli and 33% (n = 3) contained E. coli + coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS). In calves with BT that were discharged (n = 13) and without BT that were discharged (n = 7), the median survival was 30 days; these data were found to be similar in the 2 groups. Conclusions - This study revealed that BT is observed in the majority of atresia coli cases. E. coli is more common in BT, and translocation occurs primarily through the lymphatic route. These results suggest that the presence of BT is closely related to the success of the operation for correction of atresia coli.Öğe Retrospective evaluation of canine neoplasms in Konya region between 2006 and 2010(2013) Özdemir, Özgür; Yavuz, Orhan; Altan, Semih; Koç, Yılmaz; Alkan, FahrettinAmaç: Bu çalışmada 2006-2010 yılları arasında üniversite hayvan hastanesine getirilen 58 köpekte klinik, radyolojik, operatif ve histopatolojik muayeneleri neticesinde teşhis edilen neoplazma vakalarının geriye dönük değerlendirilmesi yapıldı.Gereç ve Yöntem: Tümöral vakalar köpeklerin ırk, yaş ve cinsiyetine, tümörlerin özellikleri ve yerleşim yerleriyle birlikte tedavi şekillerine göre değerlendirildi.Bulgular: Tümörlerin %48.3'üne cerrahi uygulama, %20 .7'sine kemoterapi, %5.2'sine hem cerrahi hem kemoterapi ve %13.8'ine ise levamizol ve/veya otovaksinasyon uygulandı. Köpeklerin %12'sine ise ötenazi uygulandı. Kemoterapi, transmissible venereal tümör vakalarında yapılırken, papilloma vakalarında levamizol ve otovaksinasyon yapıldı. Tümörlerin %53.4'ü benign karakterde iken %46'6'sı malign karakter gösterdiği belirlendi.Öneri: Bu değerlendirme ile Konya ve yöresindeki köpeklerde gözlenen tümöral vakalar ve bunların tedavi sonuçları ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca, venereal tümörler kemoterapi uygulamasıyla (vinkristin), papillomlar ise levamizol ve otovaksinasyon işlemiyle tedavi edilebilir.Öğe Ruminantlarda önemli bir komplikasyon: Ensizyonel fıtıklar(Dicle Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi, 2015) Altan, Semih; Alkan, Fahrettin; Koç, Yılmaz; Tur, İrfanEnsizyonel fıtık, şirürjikal olarak kapatılan operasyon bölgesinde, açılmaya bağlı olarak meydana gelen bir komplikasyondur. Özellikle operasyonlarda asepsi antisepsi kurallarına yeterli düzeyde riayet edilmemesi, postoperatif bakımın yetersiz olması, uygun dikiş materyallerinin ve yöntemlerinin uygulanmaması, hayvanın büyüklüğü sebebiyle intraabdominal basıncın fazla olması ensizyonel fıtık oluşumuna predispozisyon oluşturur. Bu çalışmanın amacı postoperatif komplikasyon olarak karşımıza çıkan ensizyonel fıtıkların retrospektif olarak değerlendirilerek bu komplikasyonların önlenmesine yönelik bilgiler aktarmaktır. Çalışmanın materyalini 28 koyun ile 8 buzağı oluşturdu. Koyunlardaki ensizyonel fıtıkların bilimsel çalışma sırasında embriyo toplama amacıyla yapılan laparotomi sonrasında meydana geldiği, buzağılarda ise cerrahi kliniğe getirilen ve hikâyesinde en az bir defa göbek bölgesi lezyonlarından birine bağlı olarak yapılan operatif işlemler sonucu oluştuğu belirlendi. Koyunlarda teşhis edilen ensizyonel fıtıklar, çalışmanın devam etmesi ve kesime sevk edilecek olmasından dolayı herhangi bir müdahalede bulunulmadı. Buzağılarda ise tedavi edilebilen 6 tanesine ikinci bir operasyon yapıldı. Buzağılardan 2’sine ise erkek olması, yaş, kilo ve operasyon açıklığının büyük olması ve hayvan sahibinin isteği doğrultusunda herhangi bir işlem yapılmadı. Çalışmadaki hayvanların, alınan anamnez ve yapılan klinik muayene ve gözlemlerde ensizyonel fıtık oluşumunda yukarıda sayılan nedenlerden en az bir ya da daha fazlasının bulunduğu belirlendi. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında ensizyonel fıtıkların karşımıza sıklıkla çıktığını ancak bunları en aza indirgemek için gerekli olan asepsi antisepsi kurallarına her ne koşulda olursa olsun riayet edilmesi ve uygun dikiş materyallerinin kullanımına özen gösterilmesinin önemli olduğu sonucuna varıldı.Öğe Travmalı köpeklerde bazı laboratuvar verilerin değerlendirilmesi(2017) Koç, Yılmaz; Alkan, Fahrettin; Altan, SemihAmaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı travma şikayeti ile cerrahi kliniğe getirilen sahipsiz köpeklerden alınan kan numunelerinde hematoloji, kan gazı, serum biyokimya ve oksidatif stress düzeylerine bakarak prognozun ve olası komplikasyonların önlenebilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışma, travma şikayetiyle getirilen 15 sokak köpeği ile 9 sağlıklı köpek üzerinde yapıldı. Elde edilen kan numuneleri hematoloji, kan gazı, serum biyokimyası [alkalen fosfataz (ALP), alanin aminotransferaz (ALT), aspartat aminotransferaz (AST), kreatin kinaz (CK), kalsiyum (Ca), fosfor (P), kolesterol (Chol), kreatinin (Crea), gamma glutamil transferaz (GGT), laktat dehidrogenaz (LDH), total protein (TP), triglyserit (Trig), kan üre nitrojen (BUN)] ile oksidatif stres yönünden thiobarbutirik asit reaktif substans (TBARs) ölçümleri değerlendirildi. Bulgular: Travmalı köpeklerde ALP, AST, CK, P, Crea ve TBARs düzeyleri sağlıklı köpeklerden istatistiksel olarak farklı olduğu (p?0.05) belirlendi. Kan gazı ve hematolojik verilere bakıldığında kan laktat ve monosit değerleri referans değerlere kıyasla yüksek olduğu belirlenirken, potasyum ve iyonize kalsiyum değerleri düşük olarak tespit edildi. Öneri: Sonuç olarak travmalı köpeklerde travmanın genişliğine bağlı olarak biyokimyasal profil değişiklik gösterirken, altta yatan başka bir hastalığı olmayan köpeklerde travmanın şiddetiyle alakalı olarak oksidatif stres düzeylerinin yüksek seyretmesi biyolojik bir belirteç olarak değerlendirilebilir. Bununla birlikte prognozun belirlenebilmesi için ise daha spesifik belirteçlerin ortaya konulması açısından daha ileri çalışmaların yapılmasına ihtiyaç vardır.
