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    EFFECTS OF ETHYL METHANESULFONATE ON GROWTH AND YIELD PARAMETERS OF WHEAT AND TOLERANCE TO IMAZAMOX
    (Bangladesh Botanical Soc, 2024) Bayhan, Merve; Ozkan, Remzi; Albayrak, Onder; Akinci, Cuma; Yildirim, Mehmet
    In the present study objective bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) lines resistant to Imazamox herbicides and effective lethal ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) doses for plants. During first year (2019/2020), 1000 seeds of bread wheat and durum wheat treated with 11 different EMS doses were sown under field and greenhouse conditions. During second year (2020/2021), M1 (first generation) cereal seeds were grown as M2 (second generation) in field experiments. Herbicide containing Imazamox at a rate of 125 ml per decare was applied to M2 generation plants when they reached approximately 15 cm in height. In bread and durum wheat lines, emergent plants were observed up to a dose of 60mM EMS. The effective EMS doses for the wheat species were determined as 80 mM for bread wheat and 50 mM for durum wheat.
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    EVALUATION OF SPAD CHLOROPHYLL IN SPRING WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2016) Barutcular, Celaleddin; Yildirim, Mehmet; Koc, Mujde; Akinci, Cuma; Toptas, Irem; Albayrak, Onder; Tanrikulu, Abdulkadir
    Wheat is an important food crop. Its production is limited by multiple environmental stresses, especially terminal heat stress. High temperature and drought are the main stresses affecting wheat production in the Mediterranean region. Hence, the chlorophyll content in leaves reflects photosynthetic activity and the yield potential of wheat plants. So, the aim of this study was to evaluate SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) chlorophyll meter readings and their relationships with the grain yield of spring wheat growing in different environments, and to examine the physiological responses to environmental stress at different growth stages. Sixteen spring wheat genotypes were grown under two temperature (cool and warm) and two moisture (rain-fed and irrigated) regimes during the 2011/2012 growing season in two locations in Turkey (Adana and Diyarbakir). There were significant genotypic variations in SPAD values under all conditions. There was a significant positive correlation between third-leaf SPAD values and grain yield in the cool-climate conditions at Adana. There was a significant positive relationship between flag-leaf SPAD values at the heading stage and grain yield under cool-climate conditions in Diyarbakir, while the relationship between SPAD values and grain yield was negative under warm-environment conditions. The SPAD values were more strongly affected by location and heat stress than by drought stress. Regarding to the range of SPAD values within each genotype was relatively stable. Together, these results showed that SPAD values can be used as an indicator of grain yield in spring wheat, providing that the measurements are taken at appropriate stages at each location.
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    EVALUATION OF THIRTEEN DURUM WHEAT (TRITICUM DURUM DESF.) GENOTYPES SUITABLE FOR MULTIPLE ENVIRONMENTS USING GGE BIPLOT ANALYSIS
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Albayrak, Onder; Yildirim, Mehmet
    The present study was undertaken to identify the best durum wheat genotypes suitable for the South-Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey with desirable grain yield and quality. In the context, thirteen spring durum wheat genotypes were evaluated in four environmental condition of the target region in consecutive two growing seasons in the year 2013-14 and 2014-15. The stability and superiority of genotypes, and favorable testing environments were described by using ANOVA and GGE biplot analysis (genotype, genotype x environment). Genotype, environment and GEI (genotype x environment interaction) was found to be highly significant for multiple traits. The total variation of PCI (principles component) and PC2 was calculated 90% for ETI (environment trait interaction), 57.35 for GTI (genotype trait interaction), and 87.5% for GE interaction. The results of total variation of ETI was found higher than GTI and GEI. On the other hand, the biplot analysis showed that four megaenvironments occurred among ETI and three environments (E1, E2 and E3) correlated with different traits, while environments E4 did not correlated with any traits. The environment El was found the best for Grain yield, test weight, thousand kernel weight and starch content, E2 for L*, b*, SPAD, and E3 for zeleny sedimentation, protein content and wet gluten content. In the biplot analysis, the environments divided three sector based on traits. Among the genotypes, the genotype G8 was performed the best in all tested environments, while G9 was found the best based on all traits. The results of the study showed that GGE biplot analysis can be used as a good tool to identity of the most suitable environment in terms of all the characteristics as well as to identify the best genotypes for future breeding program.
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    Evaluation of yield and yield components of some Turkish maize landraces grown in south eastern Anatolia, Turkey by biplot analysis
    (Life Sciences Soc Pakistan, 2019) Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Albayrak, Onder; Yildirim, Mehmet; Akinci, Cuma; Bicer, Behiye Tuba
    Maize has comparatively high genetic diversity. Thus, we evaluated yield and yield traits on 92 maize landraces collected from Black Sea and Marmara Regions of Turkey and investigated three maize hybrids for yield and some morphological traits under Diyarbakir conditions in 2016 growing season. Mean value of plant height varied between 131-270 cm among maize landraces, 62.33-177cm for first ear height, 13.07-24.70 mm for stalk thickness, 9.04-22 cm for ear length, 10.70-44.16 mm for ear diameter, 7.33-16.80 for row number of ear(-1), 10-44.60 for the number of kernels in row(-1), 16.43-27.46 mm for rachis diameter and 1387-18226.7 kg ha(-1) for grain yield. According to our finding of the hybrid and the local maize genotypes, the grain yield, the number of grains in the cob and the weight of the cob, plant height, and number of rows were collected in the single group in the biplot chart. DZM-194-2 and DZM-11 local maize genotypes were found more stable for all investigated traits. DZM-7, DZM-194-2, DZM-11 and DZM-222-4 genotypes shown superiority to other genotypes in terms of grain yield.
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    EVALUATION OF YIELD TRAITS, QUALITY PARAMETERS AND SEED YIELD STABILITY FOR LENTIL GENOTYPES UNDER DIFFERENT LOCATIONS IN TURKEY
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Bicer, Behiye Tuba; Yildirim, Mehmet; Akinci, Cuma; Albayrak, Onder; Bayman, Serkan
    Lentil is conventionally grown as a rain fed crop, mostly in the Middle East; it's a rich source of protein for human feeding. Yield, seed quality, adaptability and chalky spot syndrome of fifteen lentil genotypes and five lentil cultivars were evaluated in the South-Eastern Anatolia of Turkey. Yield and yield trails as well as seed quality such as protein content, seed rate with chalky spotted and germination rate for of all genotypes were varied significantly. Seed yield were varied from 1337 to 2142 kg/ha among the genotypes. While cultivar 'Sakar' produced the maximum yield and cultivar 'BM 848' produced the minimum seed yield. It was also revealed that genotypes 'ILL10975', 'FLIP2010-94L' and cultivar 'Sakar' was found the most sensitive to cold. Lentil crops with chalky spotted were detected in Adiyaman location and its rate ranged from 42% to 13%. Genotype x environment interaction was significant for seed yield and different stability parameters were computed for genotype adaptability. Ecovalance (W(2)i) and stability variance (sigma(2)i) were low value in genotypes ILL 3375 and Kafkas, but Firat 87 had high values.
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    Response of Durum Wheat Seedlings to Salinity
    (Univ Agr Sci & Veterinary Med Cluj-Napoca, 2015) Yildirim, Mehmet; Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Akinci, Cuma; Albayrak, Onder
    Salinity is an important source of abiotic stress, limiting crop performance in most arid and semi-arid areas of the world. This research was conducted to determine the effects of salinity on physiological parameters of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf) genotypes. The research was conducted in the tissue culture laboratory at the Agriculture Faculty of Dicle University. The study consisted of one durum wheat commercial cultivar, five local cultivars and four advanced genotypes. There were three replications in a split-plot experimental design. Genotypes were germinated in four NaCl concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150 mM) in plastic boxes. There were statistically assured significant differences among the genotypes for all salt concentrations and all observed parameters (coleoptile length, seedling length, root length, seedling fresh weight, root fresh weight, seedling dry weight, root dry weight, germination rare and seedling vigor). There was significant decrease in all examined parameters depending on the increase of salt concentration. The 'Sorgul' genotype was most tolerant to salinity, in terms of root length and root dry weight, whereas 'Altintoprak 98' was most tolerant as measured by the impact of salinity on coleoptile length, seedling fresh weight, germination rate and seedling vigour. The 'Beyaziye genotype was the most sensitive to salinity-induced stress. The results from this study demonstrated differences among durum wheat genotypes for seedling parameters measured in the presence of salinity stress.
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    STABILITY EVALUATION OF BREAD WHEAT GENOTYPES UNDER VARYING ENVIRONMENTS BY AMMI MODEL
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2019) Kizilgeci, Ferhat; Albayrak, Onder; Yildirim, Mehmet; Akinci, Cuma
    Stable and high yield varieties identification under various conditions prior to release as a variety is the main steps for breeding program. In order to exploit narrow and broad adaptability of genotypes and assess their effects, environment and GE interaction, 12 spring bread wheat genotypes were grown at four various experimental locations during 2013-14 and 2014-15 growing seasons. The stability and superiority of genotypes were identified by the AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (genotype, genotype x environment) biplot analysis. The AMMI analysis showed that the variance of genotype, environment and GE interaction were significant and the major treatment sum of squares were significantly affected by environments (85.47%), genotypes (8.51%) and GE interaction (6.07%). On the other hand, the first principal component axes (PCA 1) distributed to the complete interaction as 62.56%, and the second PCA 2 axes 37.44%. The GGE bi-plot analysis indicated that the total variation PC (principle component) was 83.09%, and PC1 was accounted as 63.69%, PC2 only 19.40%. The AMMI analysis showed that C11 was quite stable as well as the highest yielder among test genotypes, while C7 and C8 were unstable and low yielding across environments. The GGE biplot indicated that it was detected in two mega-environments, and the first mega-environment covered three environment (E1, E2 and E3), and the second mega-environment covered only E4. The genotypes C11 and C12 remained superior under ME I, while genotypes C1, C3 and C5 were for ME II. Among the genotypes, the genotype C1 may be recommended to be developed and released as an approved cultivar for being comparatively more stable and the highest yielder. Therefore the AMMI and GGE biplot models have an opportunity to determine the best genotypes under multiple environments considering on adaptability and stability concentrating on overall performance for screening superior genotypes.