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    Comparison of clinical bond failure rates and bonding times between two adhesive precoated bracket systems
    (Mosby-Elsevier, 2019) Tumoglu, Meric; Akkurt, Atilim
    Objective: To compare the clinical bracket failure rate and bonding time differences between Adhesive Precoated Flash-Free (APCF) and Adhesive Precoated Plus (APCP) bracket systems. Methods: Thirty-three patients (7 male and 26 female) with a mean age of 17.2 +/- 3.6 years and permanent dentition were included in the study. Total of 660 brackets were bonded by 1 operator with the use of a split-mouth design, and bracket failure rates were observed over 6 months. Bracket bonding time of each group was also evaluated. Bracket failure rates were evaluated by means of chi-square test. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were used to evaluate the bonding time differences between groups. Results: The overall, APCF, and APCP bracket failure rates were 1.21%, 1.81%, and 1.51%, respectively. Chi-square test revealed significant differences (P < 0.01) between groups in bracket failure rates. The upper left APCP group showed significantly (P < 0.05) more failure than the other groups. One-way ANOVA test (P < 0.001) showed statistically significant bonding time differences between groups. Bonding time of APCF brackets was significantly shorter than the bonding time of APCP brackets for the same quadrants. Chi-square test did not reveal significant differences (P > 0.05) between groups according to adhesive remnant index scores. Conclusions: Compared with APCP brackets, APCF brackets can reduce the bonding time without increasing bracket failure rate.
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    The Effects of Extraction and Non-Extraction Treatment on RME Applied Patients
    (Aves Press Ltd, 2010) Hamamci, Nihal; Akkurt, Atilim; Dogru, Mehmet; Veli, Ilknur; Hamamci, Orhan
    Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the dentoalveolar, skeletal and soft tissue effects of upper two premolar extraction or nonextraction treatments after Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME). Subjects and Methods: The sample of this study consisted of pre and posttreatment lateral cephalometric radiographs of 21 patients characterized by narrow maxilla and treated with or without extraction following RME. In our study, RME applied patients were divided into two groups as extraction and nonextraction. After adequate expansion and retention period, two upper first premolars were extracted in extraction group and no teeth were extracted in nonextraction group. Thereafter, fixed orthodontic treatment was started in two groups. Results: At the end of treatment when extraction and nonextraction groups were compared, significant differences in A1 inclination to A-Po angle (p < 0.01), A1 to A-Po plane (p < 0.05) and B1 to A-Po plane distance (p < 0.05) representing the dentoalveolar incisor position were detected. Also statistically no significant differences were found between parameters related to lips or soft tissues. Our results do not support the idea that more retrusive profile occurs as a result of upper extraction treatment. Conclusions: In the light of these results, it is possible to say that there is no esthetic difference between the RME appliances patient treated by either upper premolar extraction or nonextraction treatment.
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    Examination of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on orthodontic tooth movement in rats
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2014) Dogru, Mehmet; Akpolat, Veysi; Dogru, Arzum Guler; Karadede, Beyza; Akkurt, Atilim; Karadede, M. Irfan
    The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether 50 Hz extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMFs) affect the amount of orthodontic tooth movement in rats. The experiments were performed on 18 male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 6): cage-control (Cg-Cnt) group (n = 6); sinusoidal electromagnetic field (SEMF) group (n = 6); and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) group (n = 6). In SEMF and PEMF groups, rats were subjected to 1.5 mT EMF exposure eight hours per day for eight days. In order to obtain tooth movement, holes were drilled on the right and left maxillary central incisors of the rats at a distance 1.5-2 mm away from the gingiva and 20 g of orthodontic forces were applied to the teeth. Generated linear model for repeated measures and Bonferroni tests were used to evaluate the differences between the groups. Interactions among groups by days were found by using Pillai's trace multivariate test. The results showed that significant differences were present among the groups (F = 5.035; p = 0.03) according to the extent of tooth movement. Significant differences between the amount of tooth movements were determined especially after the fifth day and the following days six, seven and eight (p < 0.001). Within the limitations, according to the results of the present study, the application of ELF-EMF accelerated the orthodontic tooth movement in rats.
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    In vitro evaluation of microleakage under orthodontic brackets using two different laser etching, self etching and acid etching methods
    (Springer London Ltd, 2010) Hamamci, Nihal; Akkurt, Atilim; Basaran, Guevenc
    This study evaluated the microleakage of brackets bonded by four different enamel etching techniques. Forty freshly extracted human premolars were divided randomly into four equal groups and received the following treatment: group 1, acid etching; group 2, self-etching primer (SEP); group 3, erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser etching; and group 4, erbium, chromium:yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser etching. After photopolymerization, the teeth were kept in distilled water for 1 month and then subjected to 500 thermal cycles. Then, the specimens were sealed with nail varnish, stained with 0.5% basic fuchsin for 24 h, sectioned, and examined under a stereomicroscope. In addition, they were scored for marginal microleakage at the adhesive-enamel and bracket-adhesive interfaces from the incisal and gingival margins. Statistical analyses consisted of the Kruskal-Wallis test and the Mann-Whitney U test with Bonferroni correction. Microleakage occurred between the adhesive-enamel and bracket-adhesive interfaces in all groups. For the adhesive-enamel surface, a significant difference was observed between group 1 and groups 2 (P = 0.011), 3 (P = 0.002), and 4 (P = 0.000) on the gingival side. Overall, significant differences were observed between group 1 and groups 3 (P = 0.003) and 4 (P = 0.000). In dental bonding procedures, acid etching was found to result in the least microleakage. Since etching with a laser decreases the risk of caries and is time-saving, it may serve as an alternative to acid etching.
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    Shear bond strength of bonding to enamel with different laser irradiation distances
    (Springer London Ltd, 2011) Basaran, Guvenc; Hamamci, Nihal; Akkurt, Atilim
    The aim of this study was to investigate the shear bond strength of bonding to enamel following laser etching with the Er:YAG or Er,Cr:YSGG laser using different irradiation distances. Of 99 extracted human premolar teeth, 90 were divided equally into nine groups. In the control group (group A) the teeth were etched with 38% phosphoric acid. In the laser groups (groups B-I) the enamel surface of the teeth was laser-irradiated, groups B-E with the Er:YAG laser and groups F-I with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at distances of 1, 2, 4 and 6 mm, respectively. The shear bond strengths were tested using a universal testing machine. The shear bond strengths associated with the Er:YAG laser at 4 and 6 mm and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 2, 4 and 6 mm were significantly less than the strengths obtained with the other irradiation distances (p < 0.001). The Er:YAG laser at 1 mm and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 1 mm etched enamel in the same manner (p > 0.05). This finding was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy examination. Irradiation distance did influence the strength of adhesion to enamel. The mean shear bond strengths and enamel surface etching obtained with the Er:YAG laser at 1 and 2 mm and the Er,Cr:YSGG laser at 1 mm were comparable to that obtained with acid etching.
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    Three dimensional evaluation of the effect of rapid maxillary expansion on maxillary sinus volume
    (Elsevier, 2022) Akkurt, Atilim; Dogru, Mehmet
    Aim: To compare the maxillary sinus volume (MSV) of posterior cross bite (PCB) patients before and after rapid maxillary expansion (RME) by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT).Methods: A total of 24 patients' CBCT scans that underwent RME therapy for their orthodontic treatment were used. CBCTs were obtained before (T1), immediately after (T2), and 6 months after (T3) RME. MSVs were calculated by using the 3D module of Dolphin 11.0 software. Repeated measures ANOVA (RMANOVA) was used to identify the MSV differences.Results: The results showed no significant differences between the right and left MSVs of the T1 group (p>.05). No significant differences were found between the right and left side MSV of the T2 group (p>.05). There were no significant differences between the right and left side MSV of the T3 group (p>.05). According to the intergroup comparisons, the RMANOVA test results revealed statistically significant right (F = 459.37, p<.001), left (F = 409.34, p<.001), and mean (F = 489.33, p<.001) MSV differences between groups. Multiple comparisons of the right, left, and mean MSV between the T1 and T2, T2 and T3, and T1 and T3 groups with Bonferroni's test revealed no significant differences between the T1 and T2 (p>.05) and T2 and T3 (p>.05) groups. However, significant differences were found in the right (p<.05), left (p<.05), and mean (p<.05) MSV between the T1 and T3 groups. The right, left, and mean MSV of the T3 group were significantly higher than those of the T1 group.Conclusion: No significant change was detected in the MSV immediately after RME. However, MSV was signif-icantly increased at the end of the retention period.(c) 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
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    Treatment of an Adult Patient with Skeletal Class II and Unilateral Cross-bite
    (Aves Press Ltd, 2007) Gunduz-Arslan, Seher; Devecioglu-Kama, Jalen; Akkurt, Atilim
    The purpose of this case report is to represent the treatment of adult sketetal Class II malocclusion with posterior cross-bite. Our patient was 24.2 years old a female. According to intraoral observation, a maxillary protrusion and posterior cross-bite were determined with Angle Class I motar relationship. Due to the cephalometric analysis, ANB and SNGoGn angles were 7 degrees and 50 degrees respectively. And also she had a Bolton discrepancy of 6 mm. The patient refused orthognathic surgery procedure, so her orthodontic problem was decided to achieve orthodontically without surgery. For elimination of posterior cross-bite rapid maxillary expansion (RME) appliance was used, however maxillary expansion could not accomplished. Thus, a quad-helix was used for maxillary expansion with an occlusal bite plane on the upper left molars side to prevent the expansion on this side. After expansion, fixed orthodontic appliances were applied with an occipital headgear. The cooperation of our patient was quite well. She has been wearing the extraoral appliances more than asked. Because of this a baldness which called traumatic areata were occurred on her occipital scalp region. Bolton discrepancy was compensated with a little amount of diastema behind the upper canines. Finally; maxillary protrusion and posterior cross-bite were treated with 3,5 degrees reduction of vertical dimension. At the end of the treatment, an acceptable occlusion and facial esthetic were obtained