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Öğe CRITICAL THRESHOLD TEMPERATURES AND RAINFALL IN DECLINING GRAIN YIELD OF DURUM WHEAT (Triticum durum Desf.) DURING CROP DEVELOPMENT STAGES(National Agricultural Research and Development Institute, 2022) Cetin O.; Yildirim M.; Akinci C.; Yarosh A.The effects of maximum temperature, rainfall and growing degree day on grain yield of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) were studied during the period of available years (2005-2017) in the study sites. A polynomial equation was described the relationship between grain yield, maximum temperature and rainfall for four growing stages of winter wheat. The nonlinear relationships were used from time-series variations in temperatures, rainfall and yields. The maximum positive effects of rainfall (R2=0.72*) on grain yield was in the mid-season stage (heading, anthesis and grain filling) of the crop. However, there was a negative effect of temperature more than 30°C on grain yield. The highest negative effects (R2=0.31 through 0.86*) of maximum temperatures were in the crop development stages (vernalization and tillering). The yield might decrease about 2.5% for every 1°C increase in the growth period based on the daily mean temperature of 12.4°C for all the study locations. The critical maximum temperatures on threshold values declining yield and positive effects of rainfall on grain yield varied according to the altitudes and longitudes. © 2022, National Agricultural Research and Development Institute. All rights reserved.Öğe Heterosis and combining ability estimates in 6 x 6 halfdiallel crosses of durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.)(2009) Akinci C.In the study, the heterosis percentages and combining ability effects were determined for heading time (HT), thousand kernels weight (TKW) and plant yield (PY) of 6 durum wheat parents and their 15 half-diallel crosses. Two local populations (Beyaziye and Bagacak) and four cultivars (Kunduru 1149, Cakmak-79, Diyarbakir-81 and Duraking) of durum wheats were used as parents in the study. Heterosis percentages for high-parent and midparent were - 2.16 % and - 0.74 % for heading date; - 1.64 % and 3.78 % for 1000 kernel weight; - 2.24 % and 5.24 % for plant yield, respectively. The highest heterosis percentage for mid-parent was determined at the hybrids of 'Kunduru 1149 x Diyarbakir81' (1.10 %) for heading date; 'Kunduru 1149 x Cakmak 79' (12.86 %) for 1000 kernel weight; 'Beyaziye x Duraking' (37.67 %) combination for plant yield. The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) components of variance were significant for three traits studied. The levels of heterosis and general and specific combining abilities of parental lines were sufficient to sustainable production of hybrid breeding and early selection of breeding lines.Öğe Nitrogen rate and timing implementation on durum wheat in a bed planting system(Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 2016) Yildirim M.; Yakut Z.; Akinci C.; Kurt F.; Kizilgeci F.The effects of nitrogen (N) fertilization at different growth stages were investigated on durum wheat (Triticum durum L.) grain yield and yield components (with irrigated bed planting) in Diyarbakir, Turkey. N was applied at a rate of 140 kg ha-1 and distributed to one, two and three applications at various combinations with five different growth stages (i.e. sowing, seedling growth, early tillering, stem elongation and booting). This study included 13 treatments, including the control (zero nitrogen). The N application timings (NAT) of the 50% sowing + 50% early tillering and 66% sowing + 33% early tillering treatments were most suitable for durum wheat. The results showed that NAT had significant effect on flowering time, S PA D readings of the early milky ripe stage, plant density, thousand kernel weights, grain filling duration, grain filling rate, grain N content, grain yield, harvest index and grain N yield. In summary, the highest values of parameters studied were obtained from the 50% sowing + 50% first tillering and 66% sowing + 33% early tillering treatments. N fertilization application rate and time of durum wheat genotypes should consist of applying 50-60% of the total N fertilizer at sowing and 40-50% at the early tillering stage under irrigated conditions and with bed planting.Öğe Quality traits performance of bread wheat genotypes under drought and heat stress conditions(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2016) Barutcular C.; Yildirim M.; Koc M.; Dizlek H.; Akinci C.; Sabagh A.E.L.; Saneoka H.The current study aimed at assessing grain quality traits under stress environments and to determine the superior wheat varieties with high quality traits and tolerant/sensitive to harsh environment. Sixteen spring wheat genotypes were grown under two temperature levels (cool and warm) and two regimes (rain-fed and irrigated) in the experimental area of Dicle University, Turkey. The analysis of variance showed that genotypes and environment were found to significantly influence all quality parameters as major effects. Rain-fed environment (water stress) caused a significant reduction in grain quality traits except grain protein and dry gluten contents. Warm environment (heat stress) caused significant reductions in grain weight, grain starch content, test weight, gluten index and grain flour content. Hence, delayed sowing associated with high temperature resulted in overall increase in protein content, dry gluten content and Zeleny test. In respect to genotypes, significant differences in quality parameters were found and performance of Inqilab-91, Cham-6, Adana-99 and Meta-2002 were better in respect of most traits under different conditions. It is also opined that Inqilab-91, Cham-6, Adana-99 and Meta-2002 are healthier and better responsive genotypes in respect of grain quality under adverse environment (water stress and heat stress). © by PSP.Öğe Seed germination rate in lentil (lens culinaris) with chalky spotted(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2017) Bicer B.T.; Toncer O.; Kavak H.; Akinci C.The chalky spot syndrome is a serious seed-quality problem in red lentil in the southeast Anatolia of Turkey. This research was carried out to determine the chalky spot rate and its effect on the seed germination in twenty lentil genotypes. Germination tests as three groups performed; (i) seeds from damaged location were cleaned, and two groups were divided as damaged and non-damaged, (ii) all seeds from damaged location, and (iii) seeds from non-damaged location. Chalky spot rate among genotypes ranged from 11.0 to 42.92%. Mean of germination speed in damaged seeds was 46.88%, and ranged from 20 to 66% in damaged seeds. Mean of germination speed in non-damaged seeds was 84.5%. Chalky spotted seed rate strongly reduced germination rate. © by PSP.Öğe Stability evaluation of bread wheat genotypes under varying environments by ammi model(Parlar Scientific Publications, 2019) Kizilgeci F.; Albayrak O.; Yildirim M.; Akinci C.Stable and high yield varieties identification under various conditions prior to release as a variety is the main steps for breeding program. In order to exploit narrow and broad adaptability of genotypes and assess their effects, environment and GE interaction, 12 spring bread wheat genotypes were grown at four various experimental locations during 2013-14 and 2014-15 growing seasons. The stability and superiority of genotypes were identified by the AMMI (additive main effect and multiplicative interaction) and GGE (genotype, genotype x environment) biplot analysis. The AMMI analysis showed that the variance of genotype, environment and GE interaction were significant and the major treatment sum of squares were significantly affected by environments (85.47%), genotypes (8.51%) and GE interaction (6.07%). On the other hand, the first principal component axes (PCA 1) distributed to the complete interaction as 62.56%, and the second PCA 2 axes 37.44%. The GGE bi-plot analysis indicated that the total variation PC (principle component) was 83.09%, and PCI was accounted as 63.69%, PC2 only 19.40%. The AMMI analysis showed that CI I was quite stable as well as the highest yielder among test genotypes, while C7 and C8 were unstable and low yielding across environments. The GGE biplot indicated that it was detected in two mega-environments, and the first mega-environment covered three environment (El, E2 and E3), and the second mega-environment covered only E4. The genotypes C!1 and C12 remained superior under ME I, while genotypes CI, C3 and C5 were for ME II. Among the genotypes, the genotype CI may be recommended to be developed and released as an approved cultivar for being comparatively more stable and the highest yielder. Therefore the AMMI and GGE biplot models have an opportunity to determine the best genotypes under multiple environments considering on adaptability and stability concentrating on overall per-formance for screening superior genotypes. © 2019 Parlar Scientific Publications. All rights reserved.
