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    Accumulation of trace elements in muscle, gill and liver of fish species (Capoeta umbla and Luciobarbus mystaceus) in the Tigris River (Turkey), and health risk assessment
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2020) Varol, Memet; Kacar, Emel; Akin, Hulya Karadede
    Two fish species (Capoeta umbla and Luciobarbus mystaceus) were collected from the Tigris River (Turkey), and tissues (gill, muscle and liver) of fish samples were analyzed for Cd, As, Mn, Cr, Cu, Co and Ni using the inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry. Significant differences were present between fish species in regard to trace element (TE) concentrations in muscle for Mn, in liver for Cu, Cd and Mn, and in gill for As, Co, Cu and Cd (p < 0.05). Liver had the highest total TE concentration, followed by gill and muscle. Significant negative correlations were recorded between fish size (length and weight) and TE concentrations in the tissues. Both fish species showed no gender differences in TE accumulation in muscle, gill and liver (p > 0.05). The estimated daily intakes for all TEs were much lower than the tolerable daily intakes. The target hazard quotient (THQ) and total THQ values of all TEs did not exceed 1, which means that non-carcinogenic health effects are not expected for the consumers. Arsenic carcinogenic risk values were within acceptable range. Mean Cd concentrations in muscle tissue of both fish species exceeded the maximum permissible limit set by the European Commission Regulation, while mean concentrations of As, Cr and Cu were below the legislated limits.
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    Cadmium accumulation by green algae Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz. (Chlorophyta) in presence of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.)
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Akin, Hulya Karadede; Unlu, Erhan
    Accumulation of metals by aquatic organisms is mostly affected by other biological components in environments. In this study, cadmium (Cd) accumulation in green algae, Cladophora glomerata (L.) Kutz., exposed to 0.1 and 1.0mg L-1 of Cd for 15 and 30days was examined in laboratory conditions in the presence of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (L.). The green algae C. glomerata accumulated Cd concentrations as 690 +/- 70 and 3430 +/- 470mg kg(-1) on day 15, and 1130 +/- 180 and 6830 +/- 1540mg kg(-1) on day 30. There were significant increases (p < 0.05) in metal accumulation by green algae as the exposure time and metal concentration increased. The results also indicated that the presence of Nile tilapia in the medium led to a significant Cd accumulation in the green algae compared to control (p < 0.05).
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    Determination of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Barbus Grypus (Heckel, 1843) from Batman Dam, Turkey
    (Central Fisheries Research Inst, 2017) Kacar, Emel; Akin, Hulya Karadede; Ugurlu, Pelin
    The present study was carried out to determine concentrations of heavy metals (Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) in liver, gill and muscle of Barbus grypus, which has a great economic value, in Batman Dam (Turkey). Heavy metal concentration levels in fish were investigated using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The metal concentrations in the liver and gill of Barbus grypus were found to be higher comparing to those in the muscle. Metal concentrations in the fish tissues vary significantly (P<0.05). Concentrations of the metals were different in the various organs, the highest concentrations of Mn (4.414-6.101 mg kg(-1)), Fe (111.333-69.088 mg kg(-1)), Cu (5.201-0.437 mg kg(-1)) and Zn (14.883-16.555 mg kg(-1)) were found in liver and gill, while Cr (0.132 mg kg(-1)) was the only metal that is higher in muscle tissue. Heavy metal concentrations in the muscle of the fish should not exceed the acceptable levels proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization, World Health Organization and Turkish legislation for food sources for human consumption. Therefore, the metal levels in such environments, should be monitored periodically to avoid excessive intake of heavy metals consumed by public.
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    Heavy metal concentrations in two barb, Barbus xanthopterus and Barbus rajanorum mystaceus from Ataturk Dam Lake, Turkey
    (Springer, 2009) Alhas, Esra; Oymak, Seyit Ahmet; Akin, Hulya Karadede
    Concentration of some heavy metals (Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn) were determined in muscle, liver, kidney and gill of two barb, Barbus xanthopterus and Barbus rajanorum mystaceus, which have great economic values, in the Ataturk Dam Lake ( Turkey). Heavy metal levels in fish samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP/OES). Heavy metal concentrations vary significantly, depending on the type of the tissue in fish species. The metal accumulation in the liver, kidney and gill of Barbus xanthopterus and Barbus rajanorum mystaceus was found to be quite high in comparison with that in the muscle. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in muscle tissues of Barbus xanthopterus were as follows: Co, 0.09; Cr, 0.12; Cu, 0.27; Fe, 5.26; Mn, 0.20; Ni, 0.08; Pb, 0.68; Zn, 1.39, whereas in muscle tissues of Barbus rajanorum mystaceus were as follows: Co, 0.11; Cr, 0.10; Cu, 1.07; Fe, 3.97; Mn, 019; Ni, 0.04; Pb, 0.66; Zn, 1.70 mu g/g wet weight. Cd levels in gill and muscle tissues were below detection limits. All metal levels detected in tissues were safe for human consumption and within the limits for fish proposed by FAO/ WHO, EU and Turkish Food Codes.
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    SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF HEAVY METALS IN WATER, SEDIMENT AND TISSUES OF TWO FRESHWATER FISH SPECIES (CYPRINION MACROSTOMUM AND CAPOETA TRUTTA) FROM THE BATMAN DAM (TIGRIS BASIN), TURKEY
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2017) Kacar, Emel; Akin, Hulya Karadede; Cicek, Tarik; Unlu, Erhan
    In this study, seasonal variations of Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb levels in water, sediment and organs (liver, gill and muscle) of Cyprinion macrostomum and Capoeta trutta taken from Batman Dam were investigated. Generally, Fe had the highest concentrations in water, sediment and tissues of the fish among the metals that were studied. The heavy metal concentration in water was higher in the summer. Co, Ni, Cu and Zn values were below the detection limit in all seasons. In sediment, the metal concentrations were in order as follows: Fe > Mn > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cu > Co in. All metal concentrations in the sediments were higher than those in water and fish. Heavy metal accumulation in the sediment was higher in autumn and winter. The highest metal levels were found in the liver and the gill of Cyprinion macrostomum and Capoeta trutta, whereas, lower in the muscle tissue. The average heavy metal concentration in the muscle of Cyprinion macrostomum was higher in the spring and summer, however; was higher in autumn and winter for Capoeta trutta. The metal levels in muscle tissues of the fish were lower than the acceptable values in fish tissues.