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    Alterations of Hematological Variations in Rats Exposed to Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (50Hz)
    (Elsevier Science Inc, 2009) Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yokus, Beran; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Sert, Cemil; Mete, Nuriye
    Background and Aims. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible effects of in vivo exposure to extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (ELF-EMF) on whole blood parameters (hematological parameters) in rats. Methods. Forty eight female Wistar rats, obtained from the Medical Science Application and Research Center, Dicle University, Turkey in 2004 were divided into four separate groups: two exposed groups (0.97 mT, 50 and 100 days, 3 h/day) and two controls (sham). Results. Eosinophil, hemoglobin and MPV levels significantly decreased in rats that were exposed to EMF for 50 days. When the data for rats exposed for 50 days and 100 days were compared, it was found that MPV levels in rats exposed for 100 days were significantly lower. There was no significant difference in total leukocyte, neutrofil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil and basophil counts, or in erythrocyte, Hct, MCH, MCHC, RDW, PLT and PDW levels between the exposed and sham-exposed groups. ELF-EMF exposure had no effect on body weight. Also, liver weight did not show any significant difference between groups. Conclusions. Our results indicate that the applied ELF-EMF exposure may induce slight but statistically significant alterations in some hematological parameters of rats, within the physiological range. (C) 2009 IMSS. Published by Elsevier Inc.
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    CAN HISTOLOGICAL AND HISTOMORPHOMETRICAL CHANGES BE INDUCED IN RAT MANDIBULAR CONDYLE FOLLOWING OVARIECTOMY AND LONG-TERM EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD EXPOSURE?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Ulku, Sabiha Zelal; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Yavuz, Izzet; Celik, Mustafa Salih; Ketani, Muzaffer Aydin
    The quantity and quality of maxillary and mandibular bone have long been a focus of attention for dental clinicians. The mandibular condyle is a major growth site and plays an important role during mandibular growth. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of long-term extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) and hormonal changes produced by bilateral ovariectomy on the histologic and histomorphometric structure of rat mandibular condyle. Forty mature female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four different groups (n = 10): control (Cnt), ovariectomy (OVX), ELF-MF exposure (ELF-MF), ELF-MF exposure with OVX application (ELF-MF+OVX). All rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy except those in Cnt and ELF-MF groups. ELF-MF and ELF-MF+OVX groups were exposed to 1.5 mT ELF-MF during 6 months, 4 h a day After all applications, left condyle of rats were removed to examine histopathologically. Some histopathologic changes were observed, such as irregular appearance in bone marrow cavities in rat condyles of OVX, ELF-MF and ELF-MF+OVX groups. Some disorders in transition from hypertrophic field to ossification layer and irregular appearance in calcification were determined in OVX group. In OVX+ELF-MF and ELF-MF groups, there was significant disruption and latency in calcification and ossification areas. However, no significant differences were found in the thickness of the condylar cartilage layer between groups (P > 0.05). It was suggested that long-term ELF-MF exposure and ELF-MF exposure with ovariectomy application can affect the histologic structure of rats' condyle. Consequently, it was concluded that long-term ELF-MF exposure and ovariectomy application can induce histopathological changes in the structure of the condyle and ELF-MF exposure cannot alter ovariectomy-induced changes.
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    Can safe and long-term exposure to extremely low frequency (50 Hz) magnetic fi elds aff ect apoptosis, reproduction, and oxidative stress?
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2013) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Uzunlar, Ali Kemal; Ulukaya, Engin; Oral, Arzu Yilmaztepe; Celik, Necla; Aksen, Feyzan
    Purpose : To determine whether 50 Hz extremely low frequency-magnetic fi elds (ELF-MF) aff ects apoptotic processes, oxidative damage, and reproductive characteristics such as sperm count and morphology in rat testes. Materials and methods : Thirty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present study, which were divided into three groups (sham group, n = 10, and two experimental groups, n = 10 for each group). Rats in the experimental group were exposed to 100 and 500 mu T ELF-MF (2 h/day, 7 days/week, for 10 months) corresponding to exposure levels that are considered safe for humans. The same experimental procedures were applied to the sham group, but the ELF generator was turned off. Tissues from the testes were immunohistochemically stained for active (cleaved) caspase-3 in order to measure the apoptotic index by a semi-quantitative scoring system. The levels of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were also measured. Additionally, epididymal sperm count and sperm morphology was evaluated. Results : There were no signifi cant diff erences in the reproductive and oxidative stress parameters between the sham group and the exposed groups (p > 0.05). While no diff erence was observed between the fi nal apoptosis score of the sham and the 100 mu T ELF-MF group (p > 0.05), the fi nal apoptosis score was higher in the 500 mu T ELF-MF exposure group than in the sham group (p < 0.05). Conclusion : Long-term exposure to 100 mu T and 500 mu T ELF-MF did not aff ect oxidative or antioxidative processes, lipid peroxidation, or reproductive components such as sperm count and morphology in testes tissue of rats. However, long-term exposure to 500 mu T ELF-MF did aff ect active-caspase-3 activity, which is a well-known apoptotic indicator.
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    Do 100-and 500-?T ELF magnetic fields alter beta-amyloid protein, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde in rat brains?
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2013) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yokus, Beran; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat
    Several studies still state that presently accepted safety standards for extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) do not provide adequate protection, and therefore the standards are still open to question. To help resolve this question, the aim of this study was to illuminate the interaction between biomolecules and ELF-MFs by investigating the effect of ELF-MFs on beta-amyloid protein (BAP), protein carbonyl (PC) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rat brain. For this study, 30 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were used, which were divided into two experimental groups and a sham exposed group. Rats in two experimental groups were exposed to 100- and 500-mu T ELF-MFs (50 Hz) for 2 h/day for 10 months, which are the generally accepted safety standards for public and occupational exposures. The same procedures were applied to the rats in the sham group, but with the generator turned off. The results of this study showed that neither ELF-MFs used in this study altered BAP level significantly (p > 0.05). However, PC and MDA levels were increased by the exposure to 100- and 500-mu T ELF-MFs (p < 0.0001). In conclusion, both PC and MDA levels were altered by long-term exposure to either 100 or 500 mu T ELF-MF. However, many further and more comprehensive studies will be required to elucidate the interaction mechanisms between ELF-MFs exposure and living organisms.
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    Does prolonged radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi devices induce DNA damage in various tissues of rats?
    (Elsevier, 2016) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Canturk, Fazile; Karabulut, Derya; Caner, Yusuf; Adalier, Nur
    Wireless internet (Wi-Fi) providers have become essential in our daily lives, as wireless technology is evolving at a dizzying pace. Although there are different frequency generators, one of the most commonly used Wi-Fi devices are 2.4 GHz frequency generators. These devices are heavily used in all areas of life but the effect of radiofrequency (RF) radiation emission on users is generally ignored. Yet, an increasing share of the public expresses concern on this issue. Therefore, this study intends to respond to the growing public concern. The purpose of this study is to reveal whether long term exposure of 2.4 GHz frequency RF radiation will cause DNA damage of different tissues such as brain, kidney, liver, and skin tissue and testicular tissues of rats. The study was conducted on 16 adult male Wistar Albino rats. The rats in the experimental group (n = 8) were exposed to 2.4 GHz frequency radiation for over a year. The rats in the sham control group (n = 8) were subjected to the same experimental conditions except the Wi-Fi generator was turned off. After the exposure period was complete the possible DNA damage on the rat's brain, liver, kidney, skin, and testicular tissues was detected through the single cell gel electrophoresis assay (comet) method. The amount of DNA damage was measured as percentage tail DNA value. Based on the DNA damage results determined by the single cell gel electrophoresis (Comet) method, it was found that the% tail DNA values of the brain, kidney, liver, and skin tissues of the rats in the experimental group increased more than those in the control group. The increase of the DNA damage in all tissues was not significant (p > 0.05). However the increase of the DNA damage in rat testes tissue was significant (p < 0.01). In conclusion, long-term exposure to 2.4GHz RF radiation (Wi-Fi) does not cause DNA damage of the organs investigated in this study except testes. The results of this study indicated that testes are more sensitive organ to RF radiation. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Effect of 4 Hz and multifrequency pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) on bone fracture healing
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Gelir, Ali; Akdag, Mahmut Berat; Gem, Mehmet; Baksi, Nazan; Akpinar, Fuat
    Pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMF) have been used in bone fracture healing for many years. However, it is still not clear which frequencies are more effective. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of single frequency of 4 Hz and a package of multiple frequencies (220 Hz, 727 Hz, 880 Hz and 10 kHz) on bone fractures of rats. Rats were randomly divided into three groups: sham, R4 and RM. A transverse osteotomy was created in the right medial tibias diaphysis of each rat under anesthesia. The right tibia of the rats in the R4 and RM groups was exposed to 4 Hz, and a package of multiple frequencies, respectively. The rats in both irradiation groups were exposed to a pulsed magnetic field with an amplitude of 10 mT for 1 h/day during 1 month under anesthesia with ketamine (90 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine hydrochloride (9 mg/kg, i.p.). The rats in the sham group were kept under the same experimental conditions without any field exposure. At the end of the study, the right tibia of each rat was removed and bone healing was evaluated histopathologically and radiologically, and the concentrations of some elements were measured, such as Na, Mg, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Se, Ca and P. The results showed that 4 Hz exposure was more effective in bone fracture healing than the other frequencies in this study. Further studies need to be conducted to determine the mechanisms underlying the effect of 4 Hz PEMF.
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    Effect of 900 MHz Radio Frequency Radiation on Beta Amyloid Protein, Protein Carbonyl, and Malondialdehyde in the Brain
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2012) Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Kizil, Goksel; Kizil, Murat; Cakir, Dilek Ulker; Yokus, Beran
    Recently, many studies have been carried out in relation to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation (RF) emitted from a mobile phone on the brain. However, there is little data concerning possible mechanisms between long-term exposure of RF radiation and biomolecules in brain. Therefore, we aimed to investigate long-term effects of 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation on beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde in the rat brain. The study was carried out on 17 Wistar Albino adult male rats. The rat heads in a carousel were exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from a generator, simulating mobile phones. For the study group (n: 10), rats were exposed to the radiation 2 h per day (7 days a week) for 10 months. For the sham group (n: 7), rats were placed into the carousel and the same procedure was applied except that the generator was turned off. In this study, rats were euthanized after 10 months of exposure and their brains were removed. Beta amyloid protein, protein carbonyl, and malondialdehyde levels were found to be higher in the brain of rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation. However, only the increase of protein carbonyl in the brain of rats exposed to 900 MHz radiofrequency radiation was found to be statistically significant (p < 0.001). In conclusion, 900 MHz radiation emitted from mobile/cellular phones can be an agent to alter some biomolecules such as protein. However, further studies are necessary.
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    Effect of 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz radiofrequency radiation on DNA and oxidative stress in brain
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2019) Alkis, Mehmet Esref; Bilgin, Hakki Murat; Akpolat, Veysi; Dasdag, Suleyman; Yegin, Korkut; Yavas, Mehmet Cihan; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf
    Ubiquitous and ever increasing use of mobile phones led to the growing concern about the effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted by cell phones on biological systems. The aim of this study is to explore whether long-term RFR exposure at different frequencies affects DNA damage and oxidant-antioxidant parameters in the blood and brain tissue of rats. 28 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups (n = 7). They were identified as Group 1: sham-control, Group 2: 900 MHz, Group 3: 1800 MHz, and Group 4: 2100 MHz. Experimental groups of rats were exposed to RFR 2 h/day for 6 months. The sham-control group of rats was subjected to the same experimental condition but generator was turned off. Specific absorption rates (SARs) at brain with 1 g average were calculated as 0.0845 W/kg, 0.04563 W/kg, and 0.03957, at 900 MHz, 1800 MHz, and 2100 MHz, respectively. Additionally, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), total antioxidant status (TAS), and total oxidant status (TOS) analyses were conducted in the brain tissue samples. Results of the study showed that DNA damage and oxidative stress indicators were found higher in the RFR exposure groups than in the sham-control group. In conclusion, 900-, 1800-, and 2100-MHz RFR emitted from mobile phones may cause oxidative damage, induce increase in lipid peroxidation, and increase oxidative DNA damage formation in the frontal lobe of the rat brain tissues. Furthermore, 2100-MHz RFR may cause formation of DNA single-strand breaks.
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    EFFECT OF EXTREMELY LOW FREQUENCY MAGNETIC FIELD AND MOBILE PHONE EXPOSURE ON NASAL MUCOSA AND NOSE SKIN
    (Diagnosis Press Ltd, 2011) Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Meric, Faruk; Uzunlar, Ali Kemal; Celik, Mustafa Salih; Gun, Ramazan
    The increasing usage of wireless comunication systems and electric-electronical systems in daily life has caused a concern over possible adverse effects of radio frequency radiation (RFR) and Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MF) on biological systems. The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term effect of 900 MHz RFR and ELF-MF exposure on nasal mucosa and nose skin of rats. In this study two different exposure systems were used to get information about the effects of RFR emitted from mobile phones and ELF-MF on nose. In the first part of the study Twenty one Wistar Albino adult male rats (sham: 7, exposure: 14) were used to determine the effects of 900 MHz RFR on nose. For the exposure group, rat heads were exposed to the 900 MHz RFR 2 h per day (7 days in a week) for 10 months. For the sham group, same process was applied to the rats, except that the generator was turned off In the second part of the study 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats (Mona: 10, first exposure: 10, second exposure: 10) were used to determine the effects of 100 mu T and 500 mu T extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) which complies to the safety standards for public and occupational exposure. The rats in the exposure groups of this part of the study were exposed to 100 mu T and 500 mu T ELF-MF for 2 hours per day (7 days in a week) during 10 months in a Plexiglas cage. For the sham group, the same experimental process was applied to the rats but ELF-MF generator was turned off The results of the present study showed that 10 months of exposures of mobile phones and ELF-MF do not affect the mucous membrane and skin of nose. In conclusion, radiofrequency and ELF-MF used in this study do not affect nasal skin and mucosa of rats exposed to 900 MHz RFR, 100 mu T and 500 mu T ELF-MF.
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    Effect of long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on testes functions
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2015) Dasdag, Suleyman; Tas, Muzaffer; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Yegin, Korkut
    The aim of this study was to investigate long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on testes. The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n: 8) and exposure (n: 8). Rats in the exposure group were exposed to 2.4 GHz RFR radiation for 24 h/d during 12 months (1 year). The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham control group except the Wi-Fi system was turned off. Immediately after the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and reproductive organs were removed. Motility (%), concentration (x 10(6) /mL), tail defects (%), head defects (%) and total morphologic defects (%) of sperms and weight of testes (g), left epididymis (g), prostate (g), seminal vesicles (g) were determined. Seminiferous tubules diameter (mm) and tunica albuginea thickness (mm) were also measured. However, the results were evaluated by using Johnsen's score. Head defects increased in the exposure group (p<0.05) while weight of the epididymis and seminal vesicles, seminiferous tubules diameter and tunica albuginea thickness were decreased in the exposure group (p<0.01, p<0.001, p<0.0001). However, other alterations of other parameters were not found significant (p>0.05). In conclusion, we observed that long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF emitted from Wi-Fi (2420 mu W/kg, 1 g average) affects some of the reproductive parameters of male rats. We suggest Wi-Fi users to avoid long-term exposure of RF emissions from Wi-Fi equipment.
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    Effects of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi equipment on microRNA expression in brain tissue
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Dasdag, Suleyman; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Erdal, Mehmet Emin; Erdal, Nurten; Ay, Ozlem Izci; Ay, Mustafa Ertan; Yilmaz, Senay Gorucu
    Purpose: MicroRNAs (miRNA) play a paramount role in growth, differentiation, proliferation and cell death by suppressing one or more target genes. However, their interaction with radiofrequencies is still unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation emitted from a Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi) system on some of the miRNA in brain tissue. Materials and methods : The study was carried out on 16 Wistar Albino adult male rats by dividing them into two groups such as sham (n = 8) and exposure (n = 8). Rats in the exposure group were exposed to 2.4 GHz radiofrequency (RF) radiation for 24 hours a day for 12 months (one year). The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham group except the Wi-Fi system was turned off. Immediately after the last exposure, rats were sacrificed and their brains were removed. miR-9-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-106b-5p, miR-107, miR-125a-3p in brain were investigated in detail. Results: The results revealed that long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation can alter expression of some of the miRNAs such as miR-106b-5p (adj p* = 0.010) and miR-107 (adj p* = 0.005). We observed that mir 107 expression is 3.3 times and miR-106b-5p expression is 3.65 times lower in the exposure group than in the control group. However, miR-9-5p, miR-29a-3p and miR-125a-3p levels in brain were not altered. Conclusion: Long-term exposure of 2.4 GHz RF may lead to adverse effects such as neurodegenerative diseases originated from the alteration of some miRNA expression and more studies should be devoted to the effects of RF radiation on miRNA expression levels.
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    Effects of ELF-MF and Strontium Ranilate on Periodontium in Rats (Duble Blind)
    (Medwell Online, 2011) Kaya, Filiz Acun; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Kaya, Can Ayhan; Celik, Mustafa Salih; Kilinc, Nihal; Ozekinci, Selver; Saribas, Ebru
    In the present experimental study, it was investigated the periodontium of rats that exposed to Extremely Low Frequency-Magnetic Field (ELF-MY), overectomized bilaterally and treated with Strontium Ranelate (SR). The experiments were performed on 75 female Sprague-Dawley (4 months) rats. The rats were divided into five groups (n = 15). All rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy except those in I and III groups. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed before 4 days at the beginning of the experiments under ketamine anesthesia (100 mg kg(-1), intramuscularly) and II, IV and V groups animals were subjected to 1.5 mT ELF-MT exposure during 6 months, 4 h a day starting 5th day after the surgery. There were statistically significant differences among the all groups in the case of periodontal ligament, alveolar bone and gingiva (p<0.05). As a result of the study there were different levels of histopathologic changes occured between control and experimental changes in the case of all periodontal tissue examination. These results may hypothese that both ELF-MF and Strontium renalate have effects on periodontal tissues.
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    Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field on Pulp Tissue of Rats
    (Medwell Online, 2011) Kaya, Sadullah; Celik, M. Salih; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Adiguzel, Ozkan; Yavuz, Izzet; Nergiz, Yusuf; Ayaz, Ercan
    This study aims to investigate the effect of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Field (ELF-ME) on dental pulp of ovariectomized rats. About 75 female Wistar-albino rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: cage-control, ovariectomy, ELF-MF exposure, ELF-MF exposure with strontium ranelate treatments and ovariectomy application, ELF-MF exposure with ovariectomy application. All groups except cage-control and ovariectomy groups were exposed to 1.5 mT ELF-MF exposure throughout 6 months, 4 h a day. After all applications, pulp tissues of rat teeth were investigated under light microscope. Between the groups, histological differences in collagen fibrils, fibroblasts, blood vessels and odontoblasts that create the pulp were found. We concluded that osteoporosis affected the odontoblasts and fibroblasts in rat dental pulp, ELF-MF exposure did not resolve the histopathological effect due to osteoporosis but enhanced this pathological effect, strontium ranelate was more efficient to eliminate the effects of osteoporosis than ELF-MF application.
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    Effects of Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields on Periodontal Tissues and Teeth in Rats
    (Medwell Online, 2011) Kaya, Filiz Acun; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Kaya, Can Ayhan; Dasdag, Suleyman; Yavuz, Izzet; Kilinc, Nihal; Dogru, Arzum Guler
    The aim of this study is to research the effects of ELF magnetic fields on periodontal tissues and teeth in rats histopathologically. The experiments were performed on 27 male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 4 months at the beginning of the study, weighing (342.4 +/- 38.89) g and fed with standard pelleted food. The rats were divided into three groups; two experimental and one control (sham). Experimental groups were exposed to 100 and 500 mu T ELF magnetic fields during 10 months, 2 h a day, respectively. Third group was sham that were treated like experimental group except ELF magnetic fields exposure in methacrylate boxes. There was no statistical difference between the experimental groups among all tissues (p>0.05). Alveolar bone, pulp and gingiva there were statistically significant differences among the groups of sham and 1st experimental, sham and 2nd experimental (p<0.05). The statistical difference between the experimental and sham groups in the study makes us to think that ELF magnetic fields may have effects on periodontal tissues and teeth.
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    Effects of Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field on Caspase Activities and Oxidative Stress Values in Rat Brain
    (Humana Press Inc, 2010) Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Dasdag, Suleyman; Ulukaya, Engin; Uzunlar, Ali Kemal; Kurt, Mustafa Ayberk; Taskin, Abdullah
    This study was aimed to investigate the effect of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on apoptosis and oxidative stress values in the brain of rat. Rats were exposed to 100 and 500 mu T ELF-MF, which are the safety standards of public and occupational exposure for 2 h/day for 10 months. Brain tissues were immunohistochemically stained for the active (cleaved) caspase-3 in order to measure the apoptotic index by a semi-quantitative scoring system. In addition, the levels of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OS!) were measured in rat brain. Final score of apoptosis and MPO activity were not significantly different between the groups. CAT activity decreased in both exposure groups (p<0.05), while TAC was found to be lower in ELF 500 group than those in ELF-100 and sham groups (p<0.05). MDA, TOS, and OSI values were found to be higher in ELF-500 group than those in ELF-100 and sham groups (p<0.05). In conclusion, apoptosis was not changed by long-term ELF-MF exposure, while both 100 and 500 mu T ELF-MF exposure induced toxic effect in the rat brain by increasing oxidative stress and diminishing antioxidant defense system.
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    Effects of Radiofrequency Radiation by 900 MHz Mobile Phone on Periodontal Tissues and Teeth in Rats
    (Medwell Online, 2008) Kaya, Filiz Acun; Dasdag, Suleyman; Kaya, Can Ayhan; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Yavuz, Izzet; Kilinc, Nihal; Kaya, Sadullah
    The aim of this study, is to research an answer to the question of have mobile phones effects on periodontal tissues and teeth. Twenty eight Wistar Albino adult male rats (4 months) with initial average weight of 267 +/- 15 g were obtained from the Medical Science Application and Research Center, caged individually and fed with standard pelletted food (TAVAS Inc. Adana, TR). They were separated into three groups such as cage control (n = 7), sham exposed (n = 7) and experimental (n = 14) and kept on a 14/10 h light/dark schedule. The rats were confined in a Plexiglas carousel and rat heads in the carousel exposed to 900 MHz microwave exposure emitted from generator. For the study group, rats exposed to the radiation 2 h per day (7 days in a week) for 10 months. Although, there was no statistical difference determined among the groups of experimental and sham groups (p>0.05), there were numerically more individuals effected of RF radiation in the experimental group. In our study is the statistically significant difference among the groups of experimental, sham and control groups in the case of vasodilatation in periodontal ligament and alveolar bone (p<0.05). By the histopathologic evaluation abnormal changes like vasodilatation and focal bleeding areas were determined in periodontal ligament, alveolar bone, gingiva and pulpa among some individuals. These degenerations were in different levels. These findings of our study indicates that there is need to more animal, human being and epidemiologic studies including much more individuals.
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    ELF Electromagnetic Field and Strontium Ranilate Influences on the Trace Element Content of Rat Teeth
    (Medwell Online, 2009) Kaya, Sadullah; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Yavuz, Izzet; Celik, Mustafa Salih; Adiguzel, Oezkan; Tumen, Emin Caner; Kaya, Filiz Acun
    Exposure to Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) Electromagnetic Field (EMF) emanating from the generation, distribution and utilization of electricity. The major debate in recent years has focused on the possibility that exposure to EMF may result some health consequences such as differentiation on bone constitute. In this study, the effect of ELF-EMFs and strontium ranelate on teeth constitute amount of mineral were investigated in rats. Seventy-five four month old adult female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 different groups (n = 15). After all applications, some mineral levels such as: Ca, Mg and Zn in rat teeths were determined with Atomic Absorbtion Spectrophotometry (AAS) and the phosphorus content of teeth was determined by Ultraviolet Spectrophotometer (UVS). It was determined that the levels of Ca and P were not statistically different in comparison to Cg-Cnt and between groups (p>0.05). However, it was observed that the levels of Zn significantly alterations between some groups (p<0.05). The levels of Mg in ELF-EMF+OVX, ELF-EMF and OVX groups decreased significantly in comparison to Cg-Cnt group (p<0.05). As a result, it can be suggested that mineral amount of rat teeth can change after ovariectomy and ELF-EMF exposure, also strontium ranelate treatments can't increase mineral amount of teeth.
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    Exposure to non-ionizing electromagnetic fields emitted from mobile phones induced DNA damage in human ear canal hair follicle cells
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2018) Akdag, Mehmet; Dasdag, Suleyman; Canturk, Fazile; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf
    The aim of this study was to investigate effect of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from mobile phones on DNA damage in follicle cells of hair in the ear canal. The study was carried out on 56 men (age range: 30-60years old)in four treatment groups with n=14 in each group. The groups were defined as follows: people who did not use a mobile phone (Control), people use mobile phones for 0-30min/day (second group), people use mobile phones for 30-60min/day (third group) and people use mobile phones for more than 60min/day (fourth group). Ear canal hair follicle cells taken from the subjects were analyzed by the Comet Assay to determine DNA damages. The Comet Assay parameters measured were head length, tail length, comet length, percentage of head DNA, tail DNA percentage, tail moment, and Olive tail moment. Results of the study showed that DNA damage indicators were higher in the RFR exposure groups than in the control subjects. In addition, DNA damage increased with the daily duration of exposure. In conclusion, RFR emitted from mobile phones has a potential to produce DNA damage in follicle cells of hair in the ear canal. Therefore, mobile phone users have to pay more attention when using wireless phones.
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    Extremely Low-Frequency Magnetic Field Decreased Calcium, Zinc and Magnesium Levels in Costa of Rat
    (Humana Press Inc, 2011) Ulku, Refik; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Erdogan, Sait; Akkus, Zeki; Dasdag, Suleyman
    Electromagnetic field (EMF) can affect cells due to biochemical change followed by a change in level of ions trafficking through membrane. We aimed to investigate possible changes in some elements in costa of rats exposed to long-term extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF). Rats were exposed to 100 and 500 mu T ELF-MF, which are the safety standards of public and occupational exposure for 2 h/day during 10 months. At the end of the exposure period, the samples of costa were taken from the rats exposed to ELF-MF and sham. The levels of elements were measured by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS) and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. Ca levels decreased in the ELF-500 exposure group in comparison to sham group (p < 0.05). Statistically significant decrease was found in Mg levels in the ELF-500 exposure group in comparison to sham and ELF-100 exposure groups (p < 0.05). Zn levels were found to be lower in the ELF-500 exposure group than those in the sham and ELF-100 exposure groups (p < 0.05). No significant differences were determined between groups in terms of the levels of P, Cu and Fe. In conclusion, it can be maintained that long-term ELF-MF exposure can affect the chemical structure and metabolism of bone by changing the levels of some important elements such as Ca, Zn and Mg in rats.
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    Extremely low-frequency magnetic field induces manganese accumulation in brain, kidney and liver of rats
    (Sage Publications Inc, 2015) Celik, Mustafa Salih; Guven, Kemal; Akpolat, Veysi; Akdag, Mehmet Zulkuf; Naziroglu, Mustafa; Gul-Guven, Reyhan; Celik, M. Yusuf
    The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of extremely low-frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) on accumulation of manganese (Mn) in the kidney, liver and brain of rats. A total of 40 rats were randomly divided into eight groups. Four control groups received 0, 3.75, 15 and 60 mg Mn per kg body weight orally every 2 days for 45 days, respectively. The remaining four groups received same concentrations of Mn and were also exposed to ELF-MF (1.5 mT; 50 Hz) for 4 h for 5 days a week during 45 days. Following the last exposure, kidney, liver and brain were taken from all rats and they were analyzed for Mn accumulation levels using an inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometer. In result of the current study, we observed that Mn levels in brain, kidney and liver were higher in Mn groups than in control groups. Mn levels in brain, kidney and liver were also higher in Mn plus ELF-MF groups than in Mn groups. In conclusion, result of the current study showed that the ELF-MF induced manganese accumulation in kidney, liver and brain of rats.