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Öğe Clinical and radiological findings, SEM analysis and evaluation of caries risk in ectodermal dysplasia cases(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Yavuz, Yasemin; Akleyin, Ebru; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Çolak, Mehmet; Doğan, Mehmet Sinan; Kotanlı, SedefEctodermal dysplasia (ED) consists of many different combinations of irregularities that include developmental defects that occur in two or more of the following tissues: teeth, nails, skin, hair and sweat glands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible carries risk, perform scanning electron microscopy (SEM) mineral analysis in ectodermal dysplasia cases and describe the oral aspects. Ectodermal dysplasia cases, 41 patients (22 males and 19 females, aged 1.5 to 45 years), had a clinical examination. SEM analyses were performed from teeth that had to be extracted from ED cases for various reasons. Forty-one patients had tooth agenesis (from hypodontia to anodontia), multiple caries, hair and nail dystrophy. Also, extra orally they had sparse or absent hair, a short face, an unusual facial concavity, maxillary retrusion and relative mandibular protrusion. Differences between tooth samples were determined by SEM analyses. SEM analyses showed that the mineral content of ED teeth was lower than that of normal teeth and the surface properties of dentin and enamel were different. It is necessarily to support this observation with more comprehensive research. When dentists examine ED patients, they should consider the oral mucosa for excessive dryness and increased dental caries and should conduct a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to these patients in order to improve their dental, masticatory and caries conditions.Öğe Determining the effect of an electromagnetic field generated by a high voltage power line on rat spermatogonia cells(Dicle Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi, 2018) Yavaş, Mehmet Cihan; Akpolat, Veysi; Deveci, Engin; Bilgin, Hakkı Murat; Kaplan, İbrahim; Şeker, Uğur; Yıldız, İsmail; Alkış, Mehmet Eşref; Çelik, Mustafa Salih; Akdağ, Mehmet ZülküfAbstract:Objective: Purpose of the study was to research the effect of an electromagnetic field created by a high voltage line onthe testes tissue and the serum biochemistry of Wistar albino male rats. At the same time, in the study also examinedthe protective effects of melatonin and ganoderma lucidum.Methods: In the study, 64 rats were divided into eight equal groups (n: 8). In experiments lasting 26 and 52 days, thefollowing groups were used: High voltage (HV), HV + Ganoderma lucidum (GI), HV + Melatonin (MEL), and Shamcontrol.MEL (10 mg/kg) was administered intraperitoneally and GI (20 mg/kg) as oral lavage. Extremely lowfrequency electric (80.3 V/m) and magnetic fields (2.48 µT) were applied for eight hours per day. Results: The biochemical results of the study show an increase in total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index(OSI) level and a decrease in total antioxidant status (TAS) level in the 26 and 52 day high voltage groups, comparedto the control group. In the high voltage groups, the nitric oxide (NO) value increased with the increase of theexposure period. Testicular mass (p>0.05), TAS, TOS, OSI and NO (p<0.05) were found at 26 days of comparison.Testicular weight, TAS, TOS, OSI (p<0.05), and NO (p>0.05) were found in 52 day comparisons. In routinehistopathology data, we detected effects on both the 26 and 52 day HV groups, such as degeneration in spermatic cellsand full structural deterioration and increasing hyalinisation. We also detected an step up in the ligament cell in thetubular field for the 52-day test groups. In melatonin added group, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)-positivecells were more active. TUNEL assay analysis showed that there was no significant difference between the the 26 dayexperiment groups (p>0.05), but that there was a significant dissimilarity between the 52 day experiment groups(p<0.05).Conclusions: In our study, the oxidative effect of created by a high voltage results in changes in serum biochemistry ofrats and a number of degenerative deterioration in the histological structure of testes. Aslo, it is shown that theoxidative effect created by a high voltage has negative effects on the creation of spermatogonia. GI partly protectsagainst these effects, while melatonin is more effective in this regard.Öğe Does all-day and long-term exposure to radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi affect hearing?(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2017) Yorgancılar, Ediz; Daşdağ, Süleyman; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Akkuş, Zeki; Akdağ, Mehmet; Topçu, İsmailWe investigated the long-term effects of radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from Wi-Fi systems on hearing. Sixteen Wistar albino rats were divided equally into two groups: sham control and exposure groups. The rats in the experimental group were exposed to 2.4 GHz RFR emitted from a Wi-Fi generator for 24 h/day for one year. The same procedure was applied to the rats in the sham group, except that the Wi-Fi generator was turned off. All groups were kept in Faraday cages during the 12 months to eliminate external electromagnetic fields. The distance between the Wi-Fi generator antenna and the exposure cages was 50 cm. Pre-exposure distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) of all rats were measured at the beginning, 6th and 12th months of the study. The DPOAE values of the sham, baseline and exposure groups were compared statistically. For the 6000 Hz hearing frequency, the DPOAE values in the exposure group were lower than those in the sham group (p < 0.05). Similarly, the 6000 Hz hearing frequency values obtained at the end of the 12th month were also lower than the baseline and 6-month values in the exposure group (p < 0.05). In contrast, the DPOAE values at the 6th and 12th months of exposure for the 2000 Hz hearing frequency were higher than the baseline value (p < 0.05). These results indicated that 12 months of RFR (24 h/day) at 50 cm from a 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi source can affect hearing. However, further studies are necessary.Öğe Effects of 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation on ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and irisin level in diabetic and healthy brains(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Bektaş, Hava; Algül, Şermin; Altındağ, Fikret; Yeğin, Korkut; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Daşdağ, SüleymanDiabetes, mobile phone use, and obesity have increased simultaneously in recent years. The radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from mobile phones is largely absorbed in the heads of users. With 5 G, which has started to be used in some countries without the necessary precautions being taken, the amount of RFR to which living things are exposed will increase. In this study, the changes in energy homeostasis and redox balance caused by 5 G (3.5 GHz, GSM-modulated) were explored. The effects of RFR on the brains of diabetic and healthy rats were investigated and histopathological analysis was performed. Twenty-eight Wistar albino rats weighing 200–250 g were divided into 4 groups as sham, RFR, diabetes, and RFR+diabetes groups (n = 7). The rats in each group were kept in a plexiglass carousel for 2 h a day for 30 days. While the rats in the experimental groups were exposed to RFR for 2 h a day, the rats in the sham group were kept under the same experimental conditions but with the radiofrequency generator turned off. At the end of the experiment, brain tissues were collected from euthanized rats. Total antioxidant (TAS), total oxidant (TOS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and irisin levels were determined. In addition, histopathological analyses of the brain tissues were performed. The specific absorption rate in the gray matter of the brain was calculated as 323 mW/kg and 195 mW/kg for 1 g and 10 g averaging, respectively. After RFR exposure among diabetic and healthy rats, decreased TAS levels and increased TOS and H2O2 levels were observed in brain tissues. RFR caused increases in ghrelin and irisin and a decrease in nesfatin-1 in the brain. It was also observed that RFR increased the number of degenerated neurons in the hippocampus. Our results indicate that 3.5 GHz RFR causes changes in the energy metabolism and appetite of both healthy and diabetic rats. Thus, 5 G may not be innocent in terms of its biological effects, especially in the presence of diabetes.Öğe Effects of 3.5-GHz radiofrequency radiation on energy-regulatory hormone levels in the blood and adipose tissue(Wiley, 2024) Bektaş, Hava; Daşdağ, Süleyman; Altındağ, Fikret; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Yeğin, Korkut; Algül, Sermin; 0000-0003-1211-9677; 0000-0002-0546-2832In recent years exposure of living beings to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) emitted from wireless equipment has increased. In this study, we investigated the effects of 3.5-GHz RFR on hormones that regulate energy metabolism in the body. Twenty-eight rats were divided into four groups: healthy sham (n = 7), healthy RFR (n = 7), diabetic sham (n = 7), and diabetic RFR (n = 7). Over a month, each group spent 2 h/day in a Plexiglas carousel. The rats in the experimental group were exposed to RFR, but the sham groups were not. At the end of the experiment, blood and adipose tissues were collected from euthanized rats. Total antioxidant, total oxidant, hydrogen peroxide, ghrelin, nesfatin-1, and irisin were determined. Insulin expression in pancreatic tissues was examined by immunohistochemical analysis. Whole body specific absorption rate was 37 mW/kg. For the parameters analyzed in blood and fat, the estimated effect size varied within the ranges of 0.215-0.929 and 0.503-0.839, respectively. The blood and adipose nesfatin-1 (p = 0.002), blood and pancreatic insulin are decreased, (p = 0.001), gherelin (p = 0.020), irisin (p = 0.020), and blood glucose (p = 0.040) are increased in healthy and diabetic rats exposed to RFR. While nesfatin-1 are negatively correlated with oxidative stress, hyperglycemia and insulin, ghrelin and irisin are positively correlated with oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. Thus, RFR may have deleterious effects on energy metabolism, particularly in the presence of diabetes. 3.5 GHz radiofrequency radiation (RFR) may induce alterations in hormones regulating energy metabolism. 3.5 GHz RFR may lead to alterations in total antioxidant, total oxidant, and hydrogen peroxide levels. Particularly in conjunction with diabetes, 3.5 GHz RFR may result in adverse effects on energy metabolism. Although there were changes of the hormone levels in the exposed group, the actual values remained for both sham and exposed groups within the normal range.Öğe Influence of extremely low-frequency magnetic field on chemotherapy and electrochemotherapy efficacy in human Caco-2 colon cancer cells(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Alkış, Mehmet Eşref; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Kandemir, Sevgi İrtegünAlthough chemotherapy (CT) has some adverse effects on healthy tissues and cells, it is widely preferred for treating patients with cancer. Drug resistance is one of the major impediments to successful cancer treatment. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a technique where cancer cells are rendered permeable to medications. Thanks to this permeability, the dose of the medication required for cancer treatment decreases. Our aim in this study is to examine the effects of short-term extremely low-frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MFs) on CT and ECT treatments in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. The Caco-2 cancer cells were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU, 50 mu M) and ECT (strength:1125 V/cm, duration:100 mu s, frequency:1 Hz), alone as well as in combinations with ELF-MF (4 mT, 10 min). MTT assay was used to determine the efficacy of the treatments. Our findings in the study showed that ECT was much more successful than 5-FU treatment alone in Caco-2 colon cancer cells. Application of 4 mT ELF-MF after CT significantly increased the viability of the Caco-2 cancer cells compared to the CT group alone (p < .05). An increase in the viability of cells treated with 4 mT after ECT was observed compared to ECT alone. Similarly, there was an increase in the viability of cells treated with MF prior to ECT treatment (p < .05). The results show that exposure to ELF-MF at 4 mT flux density significantly reduces CT and ECT treatment efficacy in Caco-2 colon cancer cells.Öğe Interstitial space between cells in the left and right lobes of rat brains exposed to 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Daşdağ, Süleyman; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Er, Hakan; Akpolat, Veysi; Deveci, EnginThe head is the body part that is most exposed to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) during a mobile phone conversation. Therefore, it can be expected that brain cells will be positively or negatively affected by this physical agent. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 900, 1800 and 2100 MHz on the interstitial space between cells in the right and left lobes of the brain. The study was carried out on 28 Wistar Albino rats, which were divided randomly into four groups (n: 7): sham control, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz exposure groups. The rats in the exposure groups were subjected to RFR for 3 h/day for one month. At the end of the last exposure, brains were immediately removed and prepared for electron microscopic examination. We determined the interstitial space (μm) between brain cells in the left and right lobes separately and compared them statistically. The results indicated that all three frequencies used in this study increased the interstitial space between cells in both brain lobes. The maximum effective frequencies were 1800 MHz for the right lobe and 2100 MHz for the left lobe. In conclusion, we observed that the RFR used in this study enhanced the interstitial space between cells in both lobes of the brain. Further studies are needed to confirm the results of this study, which we think will open different horizons.Öğe Investigation of The Effects of Electromagnetic Fields on SerumParaoxonase (PON1)(2021) Kaplan, İbrahim; Çelik, Mustafa Salih; Yavaş, Mehmet Cihan; Akdağ, Mehmet ZülküfINTRODUCTION: The widespread use of electrical devices inthe society and being in close contact with these devices causeboth anxiety and affect public health. The aim of this study is toinvestigate whether high voltage induced electromagnetic fieldexposure on different days affects serum paraoxanase 1activity of rats. METHODS: The study included 24 adult male wistar albinorats, weighing 320 grams on average. They were randomlygrouped into 3 as n: 8. Group 1: Sham-control, Group 2: 26days High voltage (HV) and Group 3: 52 days HV. The rats inthe 26-day and 52-day experimental groups (Groups I, II)received electric and magnetic fields for 8 hours each day. RESULTS: We found a decrease in paraoxonase (PON1)activity in the 26- and 52-day high-voltage exposure groupcompared to the control group. A statistically significant(p=0.000) change was found between the groups. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: :Our study suggests thatthe exposure to high voltage line may cause a reduction ofparaoxonase 1 activity. We've noticed that short-termexposures, compared to long-term ones, may lead to lowerparaoxonase 1 activity. Therefore, our study also points to theimportance of further research in this regard.Öğe Oxidative and antioxidative responses in submandibular and parotid glands of rats exposed to long-term extremely low frequency magnetic field(Modestum Publishing Ltd., 2014) Akdağ, Mehmet; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Daşdağ, Süleyman; Erel, ÖzcanObjective: Some epidemiologic and laboratory studies have suggested a possible associations between exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF) and cancer. However, it is not known underlying mechanisms of this interaction. The aim of the study was to investigate the possible oxidative damage induced by longterm ELF-MF exposure on submandibular and parotid glands of rats.Methods: Rats in the experimental group were exposed to 100 and 500 µT ELF-MF (2 h/day, 7 days/week, for 10 months) corresponding to exposure levels that are considered safe for humans. The same experimental procedures were applied to the sham group, but the ELF generator was turned off. The levels of catalase (CAT), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), total antioxidative capacity (TAC), total oxidant status (TOS), and oxidative stress index (OSI) were measured in rat submandibular and parotid gland.Results: Although some oxidative and antioxidative parameters of submandibular gland were altered by ELF100 and ELF-500 exposure groups, these changes were not statistically significant (p >0.05). However, a decrease observed in CAT levels of parotid gland in both the ELF100 and ELF-500 exposure groups (p<0.05, p<0.01). No significant alterations was found in other endpoints related to parotid gland (p>0.05).Conclusion: Our results showed that long-term ELF-MF exposure did not alter oxidative, antioxidative processes and lipid peroxidation in submandibular gland of rats. However, 100 µT and 500 µT ELF-MF exposure decreased CAT activity in parotid gland.Öğe The protective effect of melatonin and Ganoderma lucidum against the negative effects of extremely low frequency electric and magnetic fields on pulp structure in rat teeth(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2017) Doğan, Mehmet Sinan; Yavaş, Mehmet Cihan; Günay, Ayşe; Yavuz, İzzet; Deveci, Engin; Akkuş, Zeki; Tanık, Abdülsamet; Akdağ, Mehmet ZülküfBackground/aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether Extremely low frequency electric and magnetic field (ELF-EMF) had any harmful effects on dental pulp tissue and examine histologically whether melatonin (MLT) and Ganoderma lucidum (GL) play a protective role against these harmful effects. Material and method: A total of 56 adult, male Wistar Albino rats were used in the study. The rats were separated into 8 equal groups and were exposed to ELF-EMF, generated by high voltage source, for 8 hours/day for 26 days–Groups I, II and III and for 52 days-Groups V, VI and VII. For sham-control groups (Groups IV and VIII for 26 and 52 days), rats were placed into same experimental set-up as exposure groups and same procedure was applied except ELF-EMF exposure. GL (20 mg/kg/day) and MLT (10 mg/kg/day) were administered by oral gavage and the intraperitoneal route respectively. At the end of the study, the rats anterior teeth were examined immunohistochemicaly using vimentin and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Results: Degeneration in the odontoblast cells, inflammatory cell infiltration, dilatation of the blood vessels and haemorrhagic changes were determined in the pulp of the rats in Groups I and V. A statistically significant difference was determined in the groups treated with MLT and GL (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that exposure to ELF-EMF induced histological changes in the dental pulp of rats, the using of MLT and GL could have a protective effect against these effects.Öğe Role of 2.4 GHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from Wi-Fi on some miRNA and faty acids composition in brain(Taylor & Francis, 2022) Daşdağ, Süleyman; Akdağ, Mehmet Zülküf; Başhan, Mehmet; Kızmaz, Veysi; Erdal, Nurten; Erdal, Mehmet EminThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi exposure, which is continuously used in the internet connection by mobile phones, computers and other wireless equipment, on microRNA and membrane and depot fatty acid composition of brain cells. Sixteen Wistar Albino rats were divided equally into two groups such as sham and exposure. The rats in the experimental group (n = 8) were exposed to 2.4 GHz RFR emitted from a Wi-Fi generator for 24 h/day for one year. The animals in the control group (n = 8) were kept under the same conditions as the experimental group, but the Wi-Fi generator was turned off. At the end of the study, rats were sacrificed and brains were removed to analyze miRNA expression and membrane and depot fatty acids of brain cells. We analyzed the situation of ten different miRNA expressions and nineteen fatty acid patterns in this study. We observed that long-term and excessive exposure of 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi radiation increased rno-miR-181a-5p, phosphatidylserine (PS) and triacylglycerol (TAG) in the brain. In conclusion, 2.4 GHz Wi-Fi exposure has the potential to alter rno-miR-181a-5p expression and the fatty acid percentage of some membrane lipids such as phospholipid (PL), phosphatidylserine (PS) and triacylglycerol (TAG), which are depot fats in the brain. However, the uncontrolled use of RFRs, whose use and diversity have reached incredible levels with each passing day and which are increasing in the future, may be paving the way for many diseases that we cannot connect with today.
