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    The Effects of Separate and Combined Use of PGF2? and GnRH Hormones and the Addition of Beta-Carotene on Fertility Parameters in Dairy Cows with Ovarian Cysts
    (Univ Fed Rio Grande Do Sul, 2018) Emre, Birten; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Agaoglu, Ali Reha; Ay, Serhan Serhat; Kaya, Duygu; Somali, Mustafa; Aslan, Selim
    Background: Ovarian cysts are commonly observed pathologies, which interfere with normal cyclic activity and adversely affect fertility in cows. Beta-carotene is effective in the reduction of reproductive problems by inducing the natural defence mechanisms of the body. There are several methods that can be used for the treatment of ovarian cysts. The separate and combined use of GnRH and PGF2 alpha commonly uses in the treatment of ovarian cysts. Therefore, in the presented study the effects of Beta-carotene (beta c) addition for the treatment of ovarian cysts either with GnRH solely or GnRH and PGF2 alpha in combination on the fertility parameters of dairy cows were investigated. Materials, Methods & Results: Seventy-six Holstein Friesian cows having ovarian cysts diagnosed by ultrasonography (USG) were divided into three groups. Cows in Group I (GI, n = 27), were injected with GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im), PGF2 alpha (Tiaprost-trometamol, 5 mL, im) and beta c (20 mL/cow, into 4 regions by im route). In Group II (GII, n = 25) GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im) and PGF2 alpha (Tiaprost-trometamol, 5mL, im) were administrated while GnRH (Buserelin acetate, 5 mL, im) solely in Group III (GIII, n = 24). Cysts were monitored via USG, and blood samples were collected on the on day of treatment (day 0) and on the 7th and 14th days following the administrations. Cows shoving oestrous were inseminated and pregnancy diagnoses were performed on the 40th day following insemination. Treatment results showed that there were statistically no significant differences between GI and GII (P > 0.05). Only numerical difference obtained in time from therapy to pregnancy and overall pregnancy index (P > 0.05). Overall pregnancy rate (85 %), first service pregnancy rates (40 %) and overall pregnancy index (2.11) in GI were found significantly higher than GIII (53.3 %; 20 %; 4.12) [P < 0.05]. No significant difference was observed in progesterone (P4) levels between the groups (P > 0.05). It was found that pc administrations significantly increased beta C levels in GI than GII and GIII on the 7th and 14th days (P < 0.05). Discussion: One of the most common problems encountered in modern dairy production is the development of ovarian cysts. Treatments for ovarian cyst are numerous and variable, and have changed considerably over the years. In the present study, GnRH and PGF2 alpha were administered together as a combination, and as a result of this combined use, higher percentages were obtained for both pregnancy rate and fertility parameters in GI and GII, in comparison to the group administered with GnRH alone (GIII). Better outcome from combination therapy (GnRH and PGF2 alpha) may be due to the fact that luteal thickening in the walls of cysts was determined by ultrasonography, but P4 values were not identified immediately and the treatments were not categorized in accord with these values. No statistically significant differences were determined between GI and GII concerning the fertility parameters investigated, however numerical and proportional differences were observed. beta C levels were significantly higher on day 7 and 14 after treatment in GI which were administered beta C additionally to the treatment protocol for ovarian cysts. This statistical difference suggests that administration of beta c in combination therapy is also effective in the treatment of ovarian cysts. In conclusion, it was determined that high pregnancy rates were obtained by the combined treatment of ovarian cysts (GnRH + PGF2 alpha) and number of inseminations per conception were at desired limits. Better percentile and numerical fertility parameters were achieved in the group, which additionally received beta c, high numbers of infertility cases, beta c supplementation could be a viable option for treatment.
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    Expression of platelet activating factors and its receptor in cat uterus during early pregnancy
    (Ankara Univ Press, 2013) Agaoglu, Ali Reha; Agaoglu, Ozgecan Korkmaz; Kurar, Ercan; Guzeloglu, Aydin; Kayis, Seyit Ali; Atli, Mehmet Osman; Schafer-Somi, Sabine
    Platelet activating factors (PAF1 beta, PAF1 gamma, PAF:ah, PAF-R) have a significant role during mammalian pregnancy process. This study aimed to investigate expression profiles of PAF gene family in cat uterus during pregnancy. Tissue samples were collected via ovariohysterectomy at days 7 (Gr1; n=3), 18-20 (Gr2; n=7), 24-25 (Gr3; n=5) after mating from the different regions of the uterus. Relative expression levels of genes were quantified using real-time qRT-PCR. A mixed model was fitted on the normalized data and Least Significant Difference (LSD) test was employed to determine significant differences between groups. Expressions of PAP genes were assessed in the cat uterus during pregnancy around implantation period; however, no significant differences were detected between the preimplantation and the implantation stage. Similarly, no significant difference concerning mRNA expression was assessed between different parts of the uterus during pregnancy In conclusion, PAP genes are expressed in the cat uterus during early pregnancy. However, this expression is not associated with changes in the uterus during early pregnancy.
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    Tarantula cubensis extract alters the degree of apoptosis and mitosis in canine mammary adenocarcinomas
    (Korean Soc Veterinary Science, 2015) Gultiken, Nilgun; Guvenc, Tolga; Kaya, Duygu; Agaoglu, Ali Reha; Ay, Serhan Serhat; Kucukaslan, Ibrahim; Emre, Birten
    In the present study, 13 clinical cases of canine mammary adenocarcinoma were evaluated in order to understand the effect of Tarantula cubensis extract (TOE) on tumor tissue. Punch biopsies were taken from the tumors before treatment with TOE. Subcutaneous injections of TOE were administered three times at weekly intervals (3 mL per dog). Between days 7 and 10 after the third injection, the tumor masses were extirpated by complete unilateral mastectomy. Pre- and post-treatment tumor tissues were immunohistochemically assessed. The expression of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl.2) was found to be higher in pre-treatment compared to post-treatment tissues (p <0.01) whereas Ki-67 expression was lower in post-treatment tissues (p < 0.01). No significant differences in fibroblast growth factor or vascular endothelial growth factor expression were observed between pre- and post-treatment tissues (p > 0.05). The apoptotic index was determined to be low before treatment and increased during treatment. These results suggest that TOE may be effective for controlling the local growth of canine mammary adenocarcinoma by regulating apoptosis.