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    Alterations in Maxillary Sinus Volume among Oral and Nasal Breathers
    (Int Scientific Literature, Inc, 2015) Agacayak, Kamil Serkan; Gulsun, Belgin; Koparal, Mahmut; Atalay, Yusuf; Aksoy, Orhan; Adiguzel, Ozkan
    Background: Oral breathing causes many changes in the facial anatomical structures in adult patients. In this study we aimed to determine the effects of long-term oral breathing (>5 years) on the maxillary sinus volumes among adult male patients. Material/Methods: We accessed medical records of 586 patients who had undergone cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) for any reason between September 2013 and April 2014. Patients who had undergone cone-beam dental volumetric tomography scans for any reason and who had answered a questionnaire about breathing were screened retrospectively. Cone beam dental volumetric tomography (I-Cat, Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA) was used to take the images of the maxillo-facial area at a setting of 120 kVp and 3.7 mA. This study involved male patients older than 21 years of age. Results: The study included a total of 239 male patients, of which 68 were oral breathers and 171 were nasal breathers. The mean age of the oral breathers was 48.4 years and that of the nasal breathers was 46.7 years and the difference was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The mean maxillary sinus volumes of the oral and nasal breathers were 9043.49 +/- 1987.90 and 10851.77 +/- 2769.37, respectively, and the difference in maxillary sinus volume between the 2 groups was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusions: The volume of maxillary sinus in oral breathers (>5 years) was significantly lower than in nasal breathers, but it remains unclear whether this is due to malfunctioning of the nasal cavity or due to the underlying pathological condition.
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    A comparison of the effects of methylprednisolone and tenoxicam on pain, edema, and trismus after impacted lower third molar extraction
    (Int Scientific Information, Inc, 2014) Ilhan, Ozgur; Agacayak, Kamil Serkan; Gulsun, Belgin; Koparal, Mahmut; Gunes, Nedim
    Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of preemptive intravenous tenoxicam and methylprednisolone administrations on extraction of impacted third molars. Material/Methods: This was a placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. A total of 60 adult patients ages 18-40 years with the complaints of impacted third molar teeth were included in the study. Results: The postoperative swelling ratios (p < 0.05) and pain scores (p < 0.05) were significantly better in both study groups than in the control group and there was no statistically significant difference between methylprednisolone and tenoxicam groups with regards to the edema and pain relief. Conclusions: Preoperative administration of 80 mg methylprednisolone achieves better control of trismus than tenoxicam without any significant differences in edema and pain control in impacted third molar teeth extraction.
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    The effects of amlodipine and platelet rich plasma on bone healing in rats
    (Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2015) Atalay, Yusuf; Bozkurt, Mehmet Fatih; Gonul, Yucel; Cakmak, Omer; Agacayak, Kamil Serkan; Kose, Ibrahim; Hazman, Omer
    Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of calcium channel blocker (CCB) amlodipine (AML), platelet rich plasma (PRP), and a mixture of both materials on bone healing. Materials and methods: Fifty-six male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups: group A, tibia defect model with no treatment; group B, tibia defect model treated with AML, 0.04 mg daily by oral gavage; group C, tibia defect model treated with local PRP; group D, tibia defect model treated with local PRP and AML, 0.04 mg daily by oral gavage. Results: At day 21, bone healing was significantly better in groups C and D compared to group A (P<0.05), but comparisons showed no statistically significant difference in group B (P>0.05). At day 30, groups B and C showed no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) compared to group A, but bone healing in group D was significantly better than in group A (P<0.05). Statistically, AML did not affect alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity at 21 and 30 days (P>0.05), but PRP and AML + PRP increased ALP activity statistically (P<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that AML had neither a positive nor a negative effect on bone healing, but when used in combination with PRP, it may be beneficial.
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    The effects of recombinant human bone morphogenic protein-2 and low-level laser irradiation on synthetic graft healing in a rat bony defect model
    (E-Century Publishing Corp, 2016) Koparal, Mahmut; Kose, Ibrahim; Atalay, Yusuf; Cakmak, Omer; Alan, Hilal; Agacayak, Kamil Serkan; Erdogdu, Ibrahim Halil
    We assessed the benefit of bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) and low-level laser irradiation (LLLI) on the osseointegration of synthetic bone grafts. Synthetic bone grafts are safe alternatives to autografts. BMP-2 and LLLI have been shown separately to improve bone healing. However, their effects have not been evaluated together with synthetic materials. Here, we used a rat model to compare the efficacy of BMP-2 and LLLI on synthetic graft healing. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 35) were divided equally into groups: control (defect only), graft only, graft and BMP-2, graft and LLLI, and a combination of graft, LLLI, and BMP-2. A 3 x 3 mm monocortical tibial defect was filled using a synthetic graft with or without 2 mg/mL BMP-2 pre-treatment. LLLI was performed using an optical fibre and an indium-gallium-arsenide-phosphate laser for 60 s daily for 7 days, delivering 6.0 J/day. Histopathology was performed 4 weeks post-graft using a standardised scoring system (1-5, based on the degree of healing observed). Groups were compared using the MannWhitney U test, with p values < 0.05 considered significant. Osteogenesis was poor in both the control and graft-only groups (1.4 +/- 0.5 and 2.3 +/- 0.5, respectively). BMP-2-(4.3 +/- 0.5), LLLI-(3.7 +/- 0.5), and BMP-2/LLLI-treated (4.7 +/- 0.5) grafts all displayed significantly more healing than the control or graft alone groups (P < 0.001). Both BMP-2 and LLLI significantly improved the osseointegration of synthetic bone grafts. However, no synergy was noted between the therapies.
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    Evaluation of calcified carotid atheroma on panoramic radiographs and Doppler ultrasonography in an older population
    (Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2015) Atalay, Yusuf; Asutay, Fatih; Agacayak, Kamil Serkan; Koparal, Mahmut; Adali, Fahri; Gulsun, Belgin
    Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the reliability of panoramic radiograph (PR) as a screening tool for the detection of calcified carotid atheroma (CCA) by comparing it with Doppler ultrasonography (DU) examination. A second aim was to evaluate the relationship among CCA, systemic diseases, smoking, and body mass index in an older population. Materials and methods: A total of 1,650 PRs of patients aged over 45 years (736 males and 914 females) were randomly selected. All the patients had been referred to the Faculty of Dentistry, Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, during 2013-2014 for routine PR screening. Medical data were collected from the archival records of the dental school. The patients were divided into two groups: Group A (study group), CCA findings were confirmed by DU (n=59); and Group B (control group), CCA findings were not confirmed by DU (n=34). Results: Of the 1,650 individuals, 93 (5.63%) were detected to have CCA on PR. The population consisted of 43 males and 50 females with mean age of 59.84 +/- 10.92 years. No difference was determined in respect of CCA between the sexes (P=0.745). There was a significant difference between Group A and Group B in respect of hypertension (P=0.004). But there was no difference between Group A and Group B in respect of age (P=0.495), BMI (P=0.756), diabetes (P=0.168), and smoking (P=0.482) distribution. Conclusion: Although PR cannot be used as an initial diagnostic method when searching for CCA, dentists should be aware of CCA on a routine PR, particularly in older patients who may also have the risk factors of obesity, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and smoking. Recognizing of CCA especially in hypertensive patients could potentially increase the length and quality of life for individuals.
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    Long-term effects of antihypertensive medications on bone mineral density in men older than 55 years
    (Dove Medical Press Ltd, 2014) Agacayak, Kamil Serkan; Guven, Sedat; Koparal, Mahmut; Gunes, Nedim; Atalay, Yusuf; Atilgan, Serhat
    Introduction: In this study, we investigated the effects of long-term antihypertensive treatment with calcium channel blockers or beta blockers on the bone mineral density of maxilla, as determined by cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Material and methods: This retrospective study was conducted on CBCT images of men older than 55 years who had received different dental indications. Data were grouped into three categories according to the antihypertensive medication history of the patients: group A included patients who had been taking beta-blocker treatment for more than 5 years, group B included patients who had been taking calcium channel blocker treatment for more than 5 years, and the control group included patients who had never used any hypertensive medications before. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between the beta blocker and calcium channel blocker groups. Conclusion: In hypertension treatment, beta blockers may be preferred to calcium channel blockers in patients at high risk for osteoporosis and bone resorption. Keywords: bone mineral density, CBCT, beta blockers, calcium channel