Comparison of cyclic fatigue of a reciprocating file system at different angles of rotation

Abstract

Aim: The purpose of this in vitro study is to compare the cyclic fatigue resistance of Reciproc Nickel-Titanium (Ni-Ti) rotary files (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany) while operating root canals using in three different reciprocal angles. Methodology: Forty-five Reciproc R25 root canal files were tested using artificial canals with a 60° angle of curvature, 5 mm curvature radius, and 1.5 mm diameter carved into a stainless steel block. The Ni-Ti files were checked with a stereomicroscope and then randomly separated into three groups. Group 1 consisted of reciprocal angles CCW 150°— CW 30°, Group 2 consisted of CCW 180°—CW 60°, and Group 3 consisted of CCW 210°— CW 90°. The duration of the cyclic fatigue being measured, elapsed time until a file fractured was determined with a chronometer. The lengths of the fractured pieces were measured with a digital caliper. After the cyclic fatigue test, two samples from each group were examined with a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) to determine the signs of cyclic fatigue. Results: One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was applied to the normally distributed groups (p<0,05). Since there was a significant statistical difference of file’s cyclic fatigue resistance (p=0,001) between the groups, Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post hoc pairwise comparison tests were used for determining to between groups. While there were statistically significant differences between Group 1 and Group 2 (p=0,001), and between Group 1 and Group 3 (p=0,001), there was no significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3 (p=0,376). Group 1 displayed the highest resistance to cyclic fatigue. There were no statistically significant differences between the lengths of the fractured files within the three groups according to the one-way analysis of variance (p=0,847). Conclusion: In our study, it was observed that the reciprocal angles of CCW 150°— CW 30°, which were also suggested by the file manufacturer firms, had the highest fracture resistance against cyclic fatigue.