Trend of sex differences and predictors of complications of cardiac electronic device implantations in the Southeast Anatolian Region of Turkey: An observational study

Abstract

Objective: The comparison of complications after cardiac implantable electronic device procedures has not been studied adequately between both genders. Here, we examined the effect of gender on complications in the Southeast Anatolian Region of Turkey. Methods: A total of 1640 patients from 3 centers in the Southeast Anatolian Region of Turkey were randomly selected. We compared major adverse cardiac events (clinically significant hematoma, pericardial effusion or tamponade, pneumothorax, and device infection) between genders. Univariate and multivariate analyses were plotted to identify predictors of outcomes between both genders. Results: The overall rate of major adverse cardiac events was 3.8% (63 of 1640). Major adverse cardiac events occurred in 4.1% (40 of 983) of the men and 3.5% (23 of 657) in the women groups (P=.557). The most complications were device-related infection (2.1%) and pneumothorax (1.3%) in both genders. Single- and dual-chamber pacemakers were more implanted in women than in men (11.7% vs. 6.2% and 32.6% vs. 20.1%, respectively, P < .001). On the contrary, single- and dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators were more implanted in men than in women (38.1% vs. 19.6% and 8.5% vs. 4.1%, respectively, P < .001). Additionally, warfarin treatment and history of heart failure were found predictors of major adverse cardiac events in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: This small-scale, real-life patient data revealed no remarkable distinction in terms of complications between both genders. Multinational randomized large-scale cohort trials are required to support our results.