Samanci B.Yener F.G.Değim I.T.2024-04-242024-04-2420211300-4182https://hdl.handle.net/11468/24397since transdermal delivery systems provide some important advantages over oral delivery systems and parenteral delivery systems, they have attracted the attention of researchers. Degradation of the drug in the gastrointestinal (Gi) system, irritation of the Gi system tract, and the first-pass effect of the drug are some of the disadvantages of oral administration, while the need for medical staff to administer it and creating phobia in the patient are among the disadvantages of parenteral administration. to overcome these drawbacks, researchers have developed formulations for the transdermal delivery of drugs. The most important handicap of transdermal drug administration is the stratum corneum layer (st. corneum), which forms the enormous barrier layer of the skin. some techniques have been developed to overcome this serious barrier problem of the skin. Microneedles are one of the physical methods to increase the penetration of therapeutic agents through the skin. Microneedles consist of needle arrays long enough to deliver the drug to the dermis layer and micron-sized enough to not reach the nerve cells and not cause pain. Microneedles can be classified into five different types as solid microneedles, dissolving microneedles, hollow microneedles, coated microneedles, and hydrogel microneedles according to the properties of the materials used in the fabrication and the mechanisms of release of the therapeutic agent. Microneedles can be used in the application of vaccines, proteins, nucleotides, drug delivery systems, cosmetic, and for diagnostic purposes. Although important technological developments have been experienced for microneedle in many areas such as drug delivery systems, disease diagnosis, and cosmetics in the last two decades, there are many working areas that need to be developed. especially in long-term treatments, studies should be done to develop them as smart devices. © 2021 Society of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ankara (FABAD). All rights reserved.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessDrug DeliveryIntradermalMicrofabricated DeviceMicroneedleSkin PenetrationTransdermalArticle4611051202-s2.0-85104340117Q4