Güven, KemalPower, Rowena S.Avramides, SophiaAllender, Rebeccade Pomerai, David I.2024-04-242024-04-241999Güven, K., Power, R. S., Avramides, S., Allender, R. ve De Pomerai, D. I. (1999). The toxicity of dithiocarbamate fungicides to soil nematodes, assessed using a stress-inducible transgenic strain of Caenorhabditis elegans. Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology, 13(6), 324-333.1095-66701099-0461https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(1999)13:6<324https://hdl.handle.net/11468/13942The dithiocarbamate fungicides maneb and mancozeb induce a short-term stress response in a transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans strain (PC72) carrying a reporter lacZ gene under the control of a homologous heat shock (hsp16) promoter. This response can be readily monitored as induced beta-galactosidase activity, either by in situ staining or by a quantitative fluorometric enzyme assay. Particularly strong responses are induced by mancozeb (three- to fivefold above controls at 500 pg mL(-1)), causing acute toxicity at concentrations comparable to those recommended for field application (2 mg mL(-1)). Although much of this fungicide is adsorbed by soil, sufficient (ca. 6%) enters the soil water compartment to cause mild stress in the transgenic worm assay. Among possible metabolites from mancozeb breakdown, neither Mn2+ nor ethylenethiourea (ETU) is particularly toxic even at 10% of the optimum mancozeb dosage. Stress responses to a range of other pesticides are also reported, and in several cases it is clear that a nontarget soil species there, transgenic C. elegans) may be sensitive to low-level contamination. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.eninfo:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccessNematodeToxicityTransgenicFungicideDithiocarbamateStress inducibleHeat shock responseArticle136324333WOS:0000823816000062-s2.0-00326049991048742010.1002/(SICI)1099-0461(1999)13:6<324Q2N/A