The role of visual perception and executive functions on writing skills with learning disabilities: The case of Turkish-speaking children

This study examined the effects of visual perception and executive function skills on the writing skills of Turkish students with learning disabilities and typically developing Turkish students. Given the unique features of the Turkish language, such as vowel harmony and articulatory structure, this research addresses a significant gap in understanding how these factors influence writing abilities in this population. The study employed a comparative design involving students with learning disabilities and typically developing students and analysed their writing errors, executive function and visual perception levels. Significant differences were found between the two groups, with students with learning disabilities performing worse across all the measures. Correlation analysis indicated significant relationships between writing errors and visual perception, working memory and executive functioning. Multiple regression analysis further revealed that these cognitive factors were crucial predictors of writing skills. These findings underscore the importance of considering visual perception and executive functions when formulating and implementing writing instruction strategies for Turkish students with learning disabilities.