Türkiye'de Anayasa Mahkemesi öncesi dönemde siyasi parti kapatma rejimi
Yükleniyor...
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Dicle Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Çalışmamızın ilk bölümünde siyasi partilerin tanımı, doğuşu ve işlevi açıklanarak yürürlükteki siyasi parti mevzuatı ve özellikle siyasi partilerin kapatılması konusu üzerinde durulmuştur. Programlarında veya eylemlerinde devletin ülkesi ve milletin bölünmez bütünlüğü ve laiklik ilkelerine aykırı ilkeler bulunan veya bu ilkelere aykırı eylemlerin odağı haline gediklerine karar verilen siyasi partiler AYM tarafından kapatılmaktadır. Ülkemizde siyasi partilerin kapatılması konusunda mevzuatta bazı demokratik düzenlemeler yapılmış olmasına rağmen mevzuat, AİHS ve Venedik Komisyonunun belirlediği standartlarının gerisindedir. Bunun temel sebebinin siyasi partiler ile ilgili anayasal ve yasal düzenlemelerin devletin resmi ideolojisi Atatürkçülük/ Kemalizm doğrultusunda düzenlenmiş olmasıdır. Resmi ideolojiden vazgeçilmediği sürece AİHM kararları doğrultusunda yeni bir siyasi partiler kanunu yapılamayacağı gibi AYM kararları AİHS ve Venedik Komisyonunun belirlediği standartlar dışında olacaktır. İkinci ve Üçüncü bölümlerde Osmanlıdan 1961 Anayasası dönemine kadarki cemiyet ve siyasi partilerin kapatılma rejimleri dönemin siyasi ortamıyla birlikte ele alınmıştır. II. Meşrutiyet döneminde faaliyette bulunan Osmanlı liberal siyasi partileri, etnik kökenli diğer partiler İttihat ve Terakki tarafından ortadan kaldırılmıştır. 1909 tarihinde yürürlüğe giren Cemiyetler Kanunu ile yapılan düzenlemeler bugün değişik şekilleriyle yürürlüktedir. İttihatçı kadrolar tarafından kurulan yeni Cumhuriyette fırkacılık yani çok partililik reddedilmiştir. 1946 yılında çok partili döneme geçişle birlikte sağ ve sol olarak nitelendirilen CHP ve DP arasındaki karşıtlık ideolojik olarak yapay olup aralarındaki temel çelişki merkez çevre çatışması şeklindedir.
In the first part of our study, the definition, birth and function of political parties are explained and the current political party legislation and especially the closure of political parties are discussed. The AYM closes the political parties whose policies or actions are contrary to the principles of the indivisible integrity and secularism of the state and the nation, and which are deemed to be the focus of actions contrary to these principles. Although some democratic arrangements have been made in the legislation on the closure of political parties in our country, the legislation lags behind the standards set by the ECHR and the Venice Commission. The main reason for this is that the constitutional and legal arrangements related to political parties were arranged in line with the official ideology of the state, Kemalism / Kemalism. As long as the official ideology is not abandoned, a new law on political parties cannot be made in line with the ECtHR judgments and the CC's decisions will be outside the standards set by the ECHR and the Venice Commission. In the second and third chapters, the closure regimes of societies and political parties from the Ottoman period to the 1961 Constitution were discussed together with the political environment of the period. The Ottoman liberal political parties, which were active during the Constitutional Monarchy period, and other parties of ethnic origin were eliminated by the Committee of Union and Progress. The arrangements made by the Law on Associations, which entered into force in 1909, are in force in different ways today. In the new Republic founded by the Unionist cadres, multi-partyism was rejected. With the transition to the multiparty era in 1946, the opposition between the CHP and the DP, which is described as right and left, is ideologically artificial and the main contradiction between them is central environmental conflict.
In the first part of our study, the definition, birth and function of political parties are explained and the current political party legislation and especially the closure of political parties are discussed. The AYM closes the political parties whose policies or actions are contrary to the principles of the indivisible integrity and secularism of the state and the nation, and which are deemed to be the focus of actions contrary to these principles. Although some democratic arrangements have been made in the legislation on the closure of political parties in our country, the legislation lags behind the standards set by the ECHR and the Venice Commission. The main reason for this is that the constitutional and legal arrangements related to political parties were arranged in line with the official ideology of the state, Kemalism / Kemalism. As long as the official ideology is not abandoned, a new law on political parties cannot be made in line with the ECtHR judgments and the CC's decisions will be outside the standards set by the ECHR and the Venice Commission. In the second and third chapters, the closure regimes of societies and political parties from the Ottoman period to the 1961 Constitution were discussed together with the political environment of the period. The Ottoman liberal political parties, which were active during the Constitutional Monarchy period, and other parties of ethnic origin were eliminated by the Committee of Union and Progress. The arrangements made by the Law on Associations, which entered into force in 1909, are in force in different ways today. In the new Republic founded by the Unionist cadres, multi-partyism was rejected. With the transition to the multiparty era in 1946, the opposition between the CHP and the DP, which is described as right and left, is ideologically artificial and the main contradiction between them is central environmental conflict.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cemiyet, Siyasi parti, Siyasi parti kapatma rejimi, Resmi ideoloji, İttihat ve Terakki, Political party closure, Official ideology, Committee of union and progress
Kaynak
WoS Q Değeri
Scopus Q Değeri
Cilt
Sayı
Künye
Yaman, M. A. (2019). Türkiye'de Anayasa Mahkemesi öncesi dönemde siyasi parti kapatma rejimi. Yüksek lisans tezi, Dicle Üniversitesi, Diyarbakır.
