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Adventitious shoot organogenesis and plant regeneration from cotyledons of diploid Diyarbakır watermelon (Citrullus lanatus cv. "Sürme")
(2003) Onay, Ahmet; Başaran, Davut; Adıyaman, Filiz; Yıldırım, Hakan; Pirinç, Vedat; Işıkalan, Çiğdem
Diploid Diyarbakır karpuzunun (CitruIIus lanatus ev. "Sürme") kotiledonlarından 3 haftalık kültür sonucunda adventif sürgünler oluşturuldu. Sürgün organojenezisi üzerine iki tip sitokininin; benzil aminopürin (BA) ve kinetin (Kin) farklı konsantrasyonlarının etkileri araştırıldı. Eksplant başına oluşan sürgün sayısı bakımından en iyi sonuç, 0.5 mg/1 BA içeren besi ortamından elde edilirken bu oran aynı zamanda kinetinin en iyi sonuç veren konsantrasyonundan (1 mg/l) yaklaşık %50 daha fazla olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen sürgünlerin (1-2 cm) in vitro ortamda köklenmesi; Naftalen Asetik Asit'le (NAA) desteklenen MS besi ortamına aktarılmasıyla elde edilmiştir. Rejenere edilen bitkilerin %50'den fazlası başarılı bir şekilde toprağa aktarılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yüksek kaliteli diploid Diyarbakır karpuzunun in vitro yöntemle çoğaltılabileceği ve geliştirilen bu yöntemin, karpuz çeşitlerinin ıslahında kullanılabileceği kanısındayız.
Agricultural biotechnology in Turkey
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Yildirim, Hakan; Onay, Ahmet; Ozden, Yelda; Tilkat, Engin
[Abstract Not Available]
Anatolian medicinal plants as potential antiviral agents: bridging traditional knowledge and modern science in the fight against COVID-19 and related viral infections
(TUBITAK, 2024) Tilkat, Engin; Jahan, Israt; Hoşer, Ayşe; Kaplan, Alevcan; Özdemir, Oğuzhan; Onay, Ahmet
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was the cause of the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), commonly known as the coronavirus pandemic. Since December 2020, COVID-19 vaccines have been extensively administered in numerous countries. In addition to new antiviral medications, the treatment regimen encompasses symptom management. Despite sustained research efforts, the outbreak remains uncontrolled, with affected patients still lacking proper treatment. This review is a valuable asset for researchers and practitioners aiming to delve into the yet unexplored potential of Anatolian flora in the fight against COVID-19 and other viral infections. Numerous medicinal plants in Anatolia, such as thyme, sage, cannabis, oregano, licorice root, and Origanum sp., contain bioactive compounds with proven antiviral properties that have been used in the region for centuries. The rich legacy of traditional Anatolian medicine (TAM), has significantly influenced modern medicine; thus, the profusion of medicinal plants native to Anatolia holds promise for antiviral drug development, making this review essential for researchers and practitioners.
Cannabinoids for SARS-CoV-2 and is there evidence of their therapeutic efficacy?
(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council, 2021) Onay, Ahmet; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Süzerer, Veysel; Yener, İsmail; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Ayaz-Tilkat, Emine; Ekinci, Remzi; Bozhan, Nesrin; İrtegun-Kandemir, Sevgi
Abstract: To combat the coronaviruses and their novel variants, therapeutic drugs and the development of vaccines that are to be effective throughout human life are urgently needed. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) acts as a modulator in the activation of the microcirculation, immune system, and autonomic nervous system, along with controlling pharmacological functions such as emotional responses, homeostasis, motor functions, cognition, and motivation. The ECS contains endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptor (CBRs), and enzymes that regulate their biosynthesis, transport, and degradation. Moreover, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids that mimic the action of endocannabinoids also play an essential role in the modulation of the ECS. Cannabinoids, the main constituents of cannabis (Cannabis sativa L.), are therapeutic compounds that have received international attention in the health field due to their therapeutic properties. Recently, they have been tested for the treatment of COVID-19 due to their antiviral properties. Indeed, cannabinoid-type compounds, and in particular cannabidiol (CBD), isolated from glandular trichomes found in the calyx of cannabis flowers with reported antiviral properties is hypothesized to be a therapeutic option in the ministration of SARS-CoV-2 consorted with COVID-19 disease. The relevant articles were determined from the database search published mainly in Web of Science, Google scholar, PubMed, Crossref, and ClinicalTrials.gov database during the pandemic period. The articles were evaluated for the therapeutic potentials, mechanisms of action of cannabinoids, the roles of the ECS in the immune system, impact of cannabinoids in SARS-CoV-2 septic, especially if they address the application of cannabinoids as drugs for the curability and management of SARSCoV-2 and its novel variants. Although the evidence needed to be considered using cannabinoids in the control and treatment of viral diseases is currently in its infancy, they already offer an opportunity for clinicians due to their effects in relieving pain, improving appetite, and improving childhood epilepsy, especially in cancer and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV/AIDS) patients. In addition to these, the most recent scientific evidence emphasizes their use in the treatment of the coronavirus infected patients. In brief, all preclinic and clinic studies that have been reported show that, through the cannabinoid system, cannabinoids, particularly CBD, have many mechanisms that are effective in the treatment of patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. Thus, more extensive studies are necessary in this area to fully identify the effects of cannabinoids on SARS-CoV-2.
?-Carotene Bleaching and ABTS Cation Radical Scavenging Activities of the Extracts from Different Parts of In Vivo and In Vitro Raised Pictacia lentiscus L.
(Springer, 2016) Tilkat, L. Engin; Suzerer, Veysel; Izol, Ebubekir; Ertas, Abdulselam; Asan, Hilal Surmus; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Onay, Ahmet
[Abstract Not Available]
Clonal micropropagation of Pistacia lentiscus L. and assessment of genetic stability using IRAP markers
(Springer, 2015) Kilinc, Fatih Mehmet; Suzerer, Veysel; Ciftci, Yelda Ozden; Onay, Ahmet; Yildirim, Hakan; Uncuoglu, Ahu Altinkut; Tilkat, Engin
An efficient protocol for clonal micropropagation of selected genotypes of lentisk, Pistacia lentiscus L., which is cultivated for the masticha resin, has been developed using shoot tip explants originating from in vitro seedlings. BA was found to be optimum for shoot morphogenesis in terms of the number and length of shoots among the cytokinins tested for all cloned genotypes, while the highest shoot length was noticed in the presence of 2iP at a rate 4.92 mu M. Efficient rooting (94.15 %) was achieved in a medium containing 19.6 mu M IBA with the clone II that was superior to the rest of the clones tested. The method developed for plant acclimatization was satisfactory because a high percentage of plant survival (95 %) in the growth room in the clone II was obtained and the regenerated plantlets resumed growth after 4 months. DNAs from mother seedlings and micropropagated plantlets belonging to 6, 9 and 12 times subcultured were isolated and subjected to IRAP analysis in order to evaluate their genetic stability and detect possibly existing variations among in vitro derived plantlets. The mean percentage of similarity calculated by Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 78 to 86 % in the four genotypes. Although variation was observed among mother plantlets and its regenerants for all of the clones, polymorphic information content value in the range of 0.391-0.405 indicated the presence of reasonable polymorphism within the clones. The presented data confirmed that the clonal propagation of lentisk by using shoot tips could be used for commercial exploitation of the selected genotype.
Cold-induced genetic instability in micropropagated Pistacia lentiscus L. plantlets
(Springer Heidelberg, 2014) Koc, Ibrahim; Akdemir, Hulya; Onay, Ahmet; Ciftci, Yelda Ozden
Genetic stability of plants during in vitro propagation and conservation is one of the important aspects of plant biotechnology. In the present study, micropropagated P. lentiscus L. shoot cultures, which are cultivated for the mastic resin, have been cold stored up to 12 months at 4 A degrees C in the dark for different durations (2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 months) and genetic alterations in cold storage conditions were evaluated. Growth parameters such as proliferation rate, shoot numbers per explant, shoot lengths and shoot forming capacity were also calculated. Since the highest proliferation rate (100 %) was obtained in 6 month-stored shoot cultures without any severe influence of cold stress on proliferation ability, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and inter-retrotransposon amplified polymorphism (IRAP) marker systems were used to determine genetic stability in the plantlets after this storage period. Totally, 702 scorable bands were produced by 10 AFLP primer pairs. Genetic similarity value of the non-stored (control) plant and cold-stored clones ranged from 0.66 to 0.84 with a mean of 0.74. In the case of IRAP, 159 bands were produced by 8 IRAP primers. Genetic similarity value of the non-stored plant and cold-stored clones varied from 0.65 to 0.83 and the average genetic similarity value was determined as 0.72. The genetic similarity indices revealed that genetic variability was similar in both techniques. Our results showed that tissue culture and especially cold storage of P. lentiscus L. may result transposons activation, thus could cause genetic instability.
Comparison of chemical and biological properties of in vivo and in vitro samples of Salvia siirtica Kahraman, Celep & Dogan extracts prepared with different solvents
(Elsevier, 2021) Fidan, Hilal Saruhan; Kilinc, Fatih Mehmet; Yilmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Akdeniz, Mehmet; Yener, Ismail; Firat, Mehmet; Onay, Ahmet
The use of Salvia species among the public and their importance in the scientific world increase due to their numerous pharmacological and biological activities on a daily basis. In this study, the phytochemical contents of different parts (root, branch, leaf, flower, whole) of different specimens of Salvia siirtica (SS) (in vivo and in vitro) extracts prepared with various solvents (petroleumether, chloroformand ethanol) were determined using different techniques (GC-MS and LC-MS/MS) and the results were compared. In addition, biological activities (antioxidant, cytotoxic, anticholinesterase antiurease, antityrosinase, antielastase and anticollagenase) of all samples were determined and compared. The antioxidant potential of the analysed samples was found to be high, and their enzyme activity potential was low. Besides, in vitro SS-TIS (Temporary Immersion System) sample showed high cytotoxic activity (viability% 2.12 +/- 0.06) against MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell line. The results of GC-MS and LC-MS/MS analyses indicated that ferruginol and sugiol could be isolated from the ethanol extract of S. siirtica roots, salvigenin and beta-sitosterol from the chloroform extract of the aerial parts, and phenolic compounds from the ethanol extract of the aerial parts. In addition, the amount of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and 12-demethylmulticauline of in vitro samples were found to be higher than those of in vivo samples. Furthermore, all samples, both in vivo and in vitro, contained high levels of rosmarinic acid and beta-sitosterol. The whole chloroform extract (SSWC) could be the source extract for salvigenin (33952.13 mu g/g) and beta-sitosterol (16369.71 mu g/g), and the root ethanol extract (SSRE) for ferruginol (17721.99 mu g/g). As a result, it is understood that the nature of the plant material, the choice of an appropriate solvent and the parts of the material used are quite effective in chemical content. S. siirtica promise potential natural antioxidant agent in food and/or pharmaceutical industry due to its phytochemical content (rosmarinic and caffeic acids, ferruginol, salvigenin) and antioxidant activity. (C) 2021 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of SAAB.
Comparison of Total Phenolic Content and Total Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils of Male and Female Pistacia lentiscus L.
(Springer, 2016) Izol, L. Ebubekir; Suzerer, Veysel; Yigitkan, Serkan; Tilkat, Engin; Ertas, Abdulselam; Asan, Hilal Surmus; Onay, Ahmet
[Abstract Not Available]
Contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in Isatis demiriziana Mısırdalı: an endemic to the Southeast
(2017) Çalar, Nazan; Karakaş, Özgür; Asan, Hilal Surmuş; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Onay, Ahmet
Isatis demiriziana Mısırdalı bitkisi antikanserojen, antioksidan ve başka koruyucu özelliklere sahip olan çok sayıda bileşik içermektedir. Bu çalışmada, I. demiriziana'nın vejetatif (yaprak ve kök) ve tam çiçeklenme (çiçek, yaprak ve kök) dönemlerinde hasat edilen bitki örneklerinin flavonoid ve fenolik içerikleri LC-MS/MS ile tespit edildi. Çalışılan 27 bileşik arasında, örneklerin metanolik ekstraktlarında malik asit miktarı en fazla düzeyde bulundu ve vejetatif köklerdeki malik asit miktarı (30124,37 µg g-1 kuru ekstrakt) en yüksek orana sahipti. Ayrıca kök ekstraktlarında büyük miktarda salisilik asit ve p-kumarik asit tespit edildi. Bu çalışma, I. demiriziana'nın fenolik ve flavonoid içerikleri üzerine yapılmış ilk detaylı çalışmadır. Bu çalışmanın sonuçlarına dayanılarak, ileriki çalışmalarda fenolik ve flavonoid bileşiklerin üretiminde bir ek kaynak olarak başvurulabilir
Contents of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in Isatis demiriziana Mısırdalı: an endemic to the Southeast Anatolia, Turkey
(Ersin YÜCEL, 2017) Karakaş, Özgür; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Asan, Hilal Surmuş; Onay, Ahmet; Çalar, Nazan
Isatis demiriziana Mısırdalı plant contains a number of compounds which has anticarcinogenic, antioxidant and other preventive effects. In this study, the flavonoid and phenolic contents in the plant samples harvested in the vegetative leaf and root and full flowering season flower, leaf and root were determined by LC-MS/MS. Among the 27 compounds studied, malic acid was found to be the most abundant compound in the methanolic extracts of samples and the amount of malic acid of vegetative root extracts were the highest 30124,37 µg g-1 dry-extract . Moreover, it was also determined considerable amount of salicylic acids and p-coumaric in the root extracts. This study is the first detailed study on the phenolic and flavonoid compounds of I. demiriziana. Based on the findings of this study, in further researches might be refered as an additional source in production of phenolic and flavonoid compounds
Detection of Variation in Long-Term Micropropagated Mature Pistachio via DNA-Based Molecular Markers
(Springer, 2016) Akdemir, Hulya; Suzerer, Veysel; Tilkat, Engin; Onay, Ahmet; Ciftci, Yelda Ozden
Determination of genetic stability of in vitro-grown plantlets is needed for safe and large-scale production of mature trees. In this study, genetic variation of long-term micropropagated mature pistachio developed through direct shoot bud regeneration using apical buds (protocol A) and in vitro-derived leaves (protocol B) was assessed via DNA-based molecular markers. Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed, and the obtained PIC values from RAPD (0.226), ISSR (0.220), and AFLP (0.241) showed that micropropagation of pistachio for different periods of time resulted in reasonable polymorphism among donor plant and its 18 clones. Mantel's test showed a consistence polymorphism level between marker systems based on similarity matrices. In conclusion, this is the first study on occurrence of genetic variability in long-term micropropagated mature pistachio plantlets. The obtained results clearly indicated that different marker approaches used in this study are reliable for assessing tissue culture-induced variations in long-term cultured pistachio plantlets.
Developments in pistachio biotechnology
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2011) Tilkat, Engin; Onay, Ahmet; Ozden, Yelda; Yildirim, Hakan; Tilkat, Emine Ayaz
[Abstract Not Available]
Direct plant regeneration from mature leaf explants of pistachio, Pistacia vera L.
(Elsevier, 2009) Tilkat, Engin; Onay, Ahmet; Yildirim, Hakan; Ayaz, Emine
A protocol was developed for direct shoot and plantlet regeneration from in vitro regenerated leaf explants of male Pistacia vera L. cv. 'Atli'. Leaves excised from axenic shoot cultures of pistachio were used to induce organogenesis on a Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with Gamborg vitamins supplemented with combinations of different concentrations of BAP and IAA. The highest adventitious shoot regeneration in 35% of the explants, with the number of shoots ranging from 2 to 3 per explant, occurred in the explants cultured during the establishment phase in the medium with 1 mg l(-1) IAA and 2 mg l(-1) BAR For shoot multiplication, the highest number of new microshoot/explants (5.76) was obtained in a culture medium supplemented with 1 mg l(-1) BAP, but it was not significantly different from the number obtained at 2 mg l(-1) BAP. A high rooting frequency (84%) for nicroshoots was recorded on a medium supplemented with 2 mg l(-1) IBA. In vitro rooted plantlets were transferred to pots filled with a mixture of soil, sand and peat (1: 1: 1). They were weaned in a growth room and finally moved to a greenhouse. This protocol could be utilized for in vitro clonal propagation of this economically important plant. Crown Copyright (C) 2009 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Diyarbakır karpuzunun (sürme) in vitro rejenerasyonunda eksplanttın sürgün proliferasyonuna etkisi
(2008) Onay, Ahmet; Pirinç, Vedat
Bu çalışmada bölgede yoğun olarak yetiştirilen ve Diyarbakır karpuzu olarak ün kazanan Sürme tipi için geliştirilen in vitro rejenerasyonda kullanılacak eksplantın tipi, yaşı ve büyüklüğünün belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Diyarbakır karpuzu için geliştirilen mikroçoğaltımda in vitro şartlarda elde edilen kotiledon ve bahçeden alınan bitkisel materyal, olmak üzere iki tip eksplant kullanılmıştır. Sürgün proliferasyonunda in vitro kotiledonunun sürgün sayısı ve sürgün uzunluğu (8.4 adet ve 2.6 cm) bakımından bahçeden alınan eksplanta göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Eksplant kaynağı olarak kullanılan kotiledonunun yaşının da sürgün proliferasyonunda önemli olduğu saptanmıştır. Bu amaçla kullanılan beş günlük kotiledonlarda sürgün sayısı ve uzunluğu daha yüksek olarak bulunmuştur. Sürgün proliferasyonunda kullanılacak eksplantın büyüklüğü dikkate alındığında; kısa hipokotil uzunluğuna sahip kotiledonlardaki sürgün verimi daha yüksek çıkmıştır. Diyarbakır karpuzu için geliştirilen mikroçoğaltım yönteminde kullanılan kotiledonların daha kısa hipokotile sahip ve daha genç (beş günlük) olanların sürgün proliferasyonunda eksplant olarak kullanılmasının sürgün verimini arttırdığı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Effect of BAP on total hypericin production in shoot cultures of Hypericum scabroides: An endemic species in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey
(Foundation for Enviromental Protection and Research, 2015) Asan, Hilal Surmuş; Özen, Hasan Çetin; Onay, Ahmet; Asan, Nurettin
Background: Due to the therapeutic importance of hypericin, a number of Hypericum species are being investigated. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various BAP (6- benzylaminopurine) concentrations on seed germination, shoot proliferation, and total hypericin in a tissue culture of Hypericum scabroides which is endemic to the Eastern Anatolia region, Turkey. Material and Methods: Hypericum scabroides specimens were collected from Eastern Anatolia (Elazig, Turkey). The effects of various BAP concentrations (0.0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) on seed germination, shoot multiplication, and the accumulation of total hypericin were determined using tissue cultures of H. scabroides. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium was used for germination and shoot cultures. Measurements of total hypericin were taken using a UV spectrophotometer. Results: The best germination rate (59.2%) was obtained using hormone-free MS medium (control group). Apical tips of freshly germinated seedlings were proliferated on the MS medium supplemented with various BAP concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L) and the control group (without BAP). The highest number of shoots (42.7 shoot/explant) and longest shoot length (2.50 cm) were obtained on MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/L BAP. Total hypericin was found in trace amounts and it was found that the total hypericin was not affected by the concentration of BAP. Conclusions: Our results showed that increasing concentrations of BAP stimulated shoot multiplication but did not affect seed germination rates or total hypericin in in vitro cultures of H. scabroides.
Effect of genotype on somatic embryogenesis in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.)
(Sejani Publ, 2007) Onay, Ahmet; Tilkat, Engin; Yildirim, Hakan
Genotypes representing eight botanical cultivars of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) were assessed for somatic embryogenesis and subsequent plant conversion from immature kernels. Embryogenic masses (EMSs) were produced from kernels of immature fruit of pistachio cultured in liquid MS medium with Gamborg vitamins, supplemented with 100 mgl(-1) casein hydrolysate, 100 mgl(-1)L-Ascorbic acid, 3% sucrose, and BAP. EMS differentiated directly from the kernels after culture for 2 weeks in liquid medium with 0.5 mg P BAP. Genotype x collection date had large effects on initiation of somatic embryogenesis. Embryogenic tissues containing embryoid or individual somatic embryos were isolated from the original tissue and used to initiate repetitive liquid or agarified cultures. To determine the effects of genotypes during maturation on the subsequent germination and plantlet generation, clusters of EMSs from the different genotypes were transferred from liquid medium onto the surface of 5.7% agar solidified MS medium with Gamborg vitamins, containing 4% sucrose, 1.0 mg l(-1) BAP and 0.5 mg l(-1) IBA. After 4 weeks, individual or clusters of mature somatic embryos were transferred from maturation medium onto the germination medium (GM). The number of matured and germinated somatic embryos was influenced by the genotype in the maturation medium. Acclimatized plantlets resumed growth after transfer to a soil and peat mixture, and many developed to maturity.
AN EFFECTIVE PROTOCOL FOR IN VITRO GERMINATION AND SEEDLING DEVELOPMENT OF LENTISK (Pistacia lentiscus L.)
(Wydawnictwo Akad Rolniczej W Lublinie, 2018) Yildirim, Hakan; Calar, Nazan; Onay, Ahmet
Different nutrient media (MS [Murashige and Skoog 1962]; QL [Quoirin and Lepoivre 1977] and WPM [Lloyd and McCown 1980]); plant growth regulators BA (benzil adenin), GA 3 (gibberellic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric-acid), NAA (naftalen acedic acid); and sucrose concentrations were studied to determine the in vitro culture effects on healthier and faster seedling development from mature lentisk (Pistacia lentiscus L.) seeds. After 28 days of culture, the percentage of germinated seeds was the highest (70%) in the full-strength MS medium. The cytokinin BA was superior to other tested treatments in terms of its ability to promote germination of lentisk seeds. When tested at different concentrations, sucrose gave the best results obtained at concentrations of 1-4%, whereas high concentrations (6 and 8%) mainly decreased germination rate and there was no a regular pattern for elongation of the aerial parts of plants. With this described protocol, on average 76.67% seeds germinated 4 weeks after culture. Developed seedlings were satisfactorily acclimatized in sterilized peat, soil and perlite containing compost, with high percentage survival viability was obtained 9 months after transfer to in vivo conditions (93.33%). The results obtained showed that the enriched full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1 mg L-1 BA and 3% sucrose induced homogeneous and healthy seedling development in a period of 4 to 8 weeks of culture.
Effects of Salt Stress on Morpho-Physiological and Biochemical Characters of Lentisk (P. lentiscus L.)
(Uğur ÇAKILCIOĞLU, 2019) Tilkat, Emine Ayaz; Kaplan, Alevcan; Tilkat, Engin; Bağlamış, Gurbet; Onay, Ahmet
Among abiotic stresses salinity is the most detrimental factor in limiting crop productivity. In this study, the effect of different sodium chloride (NaCl) concentrations (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 mM) on growth and physiological parameters of Pistacia lentiscus L. seedlings raised in in vitro condition for 4 weeks was investigated. For this purpose the seeds of Lentisk were germinated in Murashige and Skoog, (1962) basal mediums containing different NaCl concentrations. The morphological, physiological and biochemical changes that occurred in the seedlings were measured and recorded after exposure to salt stress. These results show that visible leaf damage of Lentisk seedlings are affected by high salt concentrations. High salinity concentrations significantly reduce root and stem lengths, relative water content (RWC), total chlorophyll, Cl-a, Cl-b and carotenoid values after the culture periods. At 250 mM salt concentration, root and stem growth were found to be completely stopped. The parameters over the 50 mM salt concentrations caused in decrease in the activity of the antioxidant enzyme peroxidase (POD).
Enhanced production of anticancer triterpenoids in optimized Pistacia lentiscus L. callus cultures via methyl jasmonate and silver nitrate elicitation
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Tilkat, Engin; Süzerer, Veysel; Asan, Hilal Surmuş; Ertaş, Abdulselam; Demir, Elif; Yılmaz, Mustafa Abdullah; Hoşer, Ayşe; Onay, Ahmet
Pistacia lentiscus L. is a traditional medicinal plant from the Mediterranean region with a long history of use. Elicitor-based strategies have proven effective in enhancing the production of secondary metabolites (SMs) with therapeutic potential in callus cultures. In addition, optimizing callus cultures is crucial for the synthesis and stability of SMs production. In this study, we have successfully established practical and optimized callus cultures from the leaves and roots of the mastic tree. Full-strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium gave the highest callus growth, with the combination of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin (each at 1 mg/l) giving the most favourable results for both explant types (80 % and 84 % callus induction, respectively). Optimal culture conditions were determined to be a sucrose concentration of 15 g/l, a pH of 5.8, a temperature of 25 °C and light intensities of 20 μmol m−2 s−1 for roots and 80 μmol m−2 s−1 for leaves. It is interesting to note that methyl jasmonate (MeJA) positively affected callus biomass, whereas silver nitrate (AgNO3) had the opposite effect. Elicitation with AgNO3 and MeJA significantly enhanced the biosynthesis of anticancer triterpenoids, particularly ursonic acid (UA), ursolic acid (ULA), masticadienolic acid (MDLA), and oleanonic acid (ONNA). Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis revealed a remarkable 26.71-fold and 3.4-fold increase in UA content in leaf and root calli treated with AgNO3, respectively. It is noteworthy that ULA, MDLA and ONNA were not present prior to elicitation but were detected after elicitation. The accumulation of anticancer triterpenoids in callus cultures generated from various P. lentiscus L. explants is first demonstrated in our research. In addition, this research demonstrates a structured methodology for the enhancement of the accumulation of anticancer triterpenoids during callus culture.

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